Jiang B.Li J.Liu L.Du X.Jiang H.Hu J.Zeng X.Sakatani T.Kosako M.Deng Y.Ivanov V.Bondarenko S.Lee Lee L.W.Khuhapinant A.Martynova E.Hasabou N.An J.J.H.Wang J.Mahidol University2026-02-062026-02-062026-01-01Annals of Hematology Vol.105 No.1 (2026)09395555https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/114460To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of gilteritinib compared with salvage chemotherapy (SC) in patients with relapsed/refractory FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the phase 3 COMMODORE (NCT03182244) trial, patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated AML from China, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia were randomized to gilteritinib (120 mg/day) or SC. The long-term follow-up included assessments every 3 months for a maximum of 3 years from the end-of-treatment visit. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included event-free survival (EFS), complete remission (CR) rate, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) rate, and transfusion maintenance and conversion rates. Overall, 276 patients (gilteritinib, n = 137; SC, n = 139) completed the long-term follow-up. Most (88.0%) patients were Asian. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) OS was longer with gilteritinib versus SC (10.3 [8.8, 12.7] vs 5.4 [4.1, 8.1] months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR; 95% CI], 0.612 [0.451, 0.832]), with a median follow-up of 34.6 months. The median (95% CI) EFS was longer with gilteritinib versus SC (2.1 [< 0.1, 3.2] vs 0.6 [0.2, 1.2] months, respectively; HR [95% CI], 0.589 [0.438, 0.792]). The CR rate was 20.4% and 11.5% in the gilteritinib and SC arms, respectively. During the entire study period, 22.6% and 7.9% of patients in the gilteritinib and SC arms underwent HSCT, respectively; 18.2% of patients in the gilteritinib arm received on-study HSCT. No new safety concerns were identified. Long-term gilteritinib treatment improved clinical outcomes compared with SC and was well-tolerated in a predominantly Asian population with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated AML.MedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1007/s00277-026-06762-22-s2.0-1050271472481432058441521262