Annette H. SohnStephen J. KerrRawiwan HansudewechakulSivaporn GatechompolKulkanya ChokephaibulkitHanh Le Dung DangDan Ngoc Hanh TranJullapong AchalapongNipat TeeratakulpisarnAmphan ChalermchockcharoenkitManopchai ThamkhanthoTippawan PankamThida SingtorojWichai TermrungruanglertSurasith ChaithongwongwatthanaNittaya PhanuphakChulalongkorn UniversityKirby InstituteThe HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research CollaborationFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityChildren's Hospital 1TREAT Asia/amfAR-The Foundation for AIDS ResearchChiangrai Prachanukroh HospitalHung Vuong Hospital2019-08-282019-08-282018-01-01Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol.67, No.4 (2018), 606-61315376591105848382-s2.0-85055036747https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/47238© The Author(s) 2018. Background. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) may be higher in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (PHIV) than HIV-uninfected (HU) adolescents because of long-standing immune deficiency. Methods. PHIV and HU females aged 12-24 years in Thailand and Vietnam were matched by age group and lifetime sexual partners. At enrollment, blood, cervical, vaginal, anal, and oral samples were obtained for HPV-related testing. The Wilcoxon and Fisher exact tests were used for univariate and logistic regression for multivariate analyses. Results. Ninety-three PHIV and 99 HU adolescents (median age 19 [18-20] years) were enrolled (June 2013-July 2015). Among PHIV, 94% were currently receiving antiretroviral therapy, median CD4 count was 593 (392-808) cells/mm3, and 62% had a viral load <40 copies/mL. Across anogenital compartments, PHIV had higher rates of any HPV detected (80% vs 60%; P =.003) and any HR-HPV (60% vs 43%, P =.02). Higher proportions of PHIV had abnormal Pap smears (eg, atypical squamous cells of unknown significance [ASC-US], 12% vs 14%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, 19% vs 1%). After adjusting for ever being pregnant and asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STI) at enrollment, PHIV were more likely to have HR-HPV than HU (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.77; P =.03). Conclusions. Perinatal HIV infection was associated with a higher risk of HR-HPV and abnormal cervical cytology. Our results underscore the need for HPV vaccination for PHIV adolescents and for prevention and screening programs for HPV and other STIs.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/cid/ciy144