Kaye N. BallantyneArwin RalfRachid AboukhalidNiaz M. AchakzaiMaria J. AnjosQasim AyubJože BalažicJack BallantyneDavid J. BallardBurkhard BergerCecilia BobilloMehdi BouabdellahHelen BurriTomas CapalStefano CarattiJorge CárdenasFrançois CartaultElizeu F. CarvalhoMonica CarvalhoBaowen ChengMichael D. CobleDavid ComasDaniel CorachMaria E. D'AmatoSean DavisonPeter de KnijffMaria Corazon A. De UngriaRonny DecorteTadeusz DoboszBerit M. DupuySamir ElmrghniMateusz GliwińskiSara C. GomesLaurens GrolCordula HaasErin HansonJürgen HenkeLotte HenkeFabiola Herrera-RodríguezCarolyn R. HillGunilla HolmlundKatsuya HondaUta Dorothee ImmelShota InokuchiMark A. JoblingMahmoud KadduraJong S. KimSoon H. KimWook KimTuri E. KingEva KlausrieglerDaniel KlingLejla KovačevićLeda KovatsiPaweł KrajewskiSergey KravchenkoMaarten H.D. LarmuseauEun Young LeeRuediger LessigLudmila A. LivshitsDamir MarjanovićMarek MinarikNatsuko MizunoHelena MoreiraNiels MorlingMeeta MukherjeePatrick MunierJavaregowda NagarajuFranz NeuhuberShengjie NiePremlaphat NilasitsatapornTakeki NishiHye H. OhJill OlofssonValerio OnofriJukka U. PaloHorolma PamjavWalther ParsonMichal PetlachChristopher PhillipsRafal PloskiSamayamantri P.R. PrasadDragan PrimoracGludhug A. PurnomoJosephine PurpsHector Rangel-VillalobosKrzysztof ReogonekbałaBudsaba RerkamnuaychokeDanel Rey GonzalezCarlo RobinoLutz RoewerAlexandra RosaAntti SajantilaErasmus University Medical CenterOffice of the Chief Forensic ScientistMohammed V University in RabatUniversity of the Punjab, LahoreInstituto Nacional de Medicina LegalWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteUniversity of Ljubljana Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaKing's College LondonMedizinische Universitat InnsbruckUniversidad de Buenos AiresUniversity of ZurichInstitute of Criminalistics PragueUniversita degli Studi di TorinoUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaSite Centre Hospitalier Felix GuyonUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroInstitute of the Forensic SciencesNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyUniversitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaUniversity of the Western CapeLeiden University Medical Center - LUMCUniversity of the Philippines DilimanKU LeuvenWroclaw Medical UniversityNorwegian Institute of Public HealthUniversity of BenghaziGdanski Uniwersytet MedycznyUniversidade da MadeiraNetherlands Forensic Institute - NFIInstitut für Blutgruppenforschung LGC GmbHSección de Bioquímica del Departamento de Ciencias ForensesLinkopings universitetUniversity of TsukubaMartin-Universitat Halle-WittenbergNational Research Institute of Police ScienceUniversity of LeicesterSupreme Prosecutors' OfficeNational Forensic Service, Republic of KoreaDankook UniversityUniversitat SalzburgInstitute for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiMedical University of WarsawInstitute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineYonsei University College of MedicineGenomac Research InstituteUniversidade de AveiroKobenhavns UniversitetCentral Forensic Science Laboratory IndiaCentre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics IndiaKunming Medical UniversitySci. Crime Detect. Div.Universita Politecnica delle MarcheHelsingin YliopistoUniversität BudapestPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity of New HavenUniversity of SplitEijkman Institute for Molecular BiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinUniversidad de GuadalajaraMahidol UniversityUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterUniversity of Cologne2018-11-092018-11-092014-01-01Human Mutation. Vol.35, No.8 (2014), 1021-103210981004105977942-s2.0-84904433303https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/33515Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RM Y-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database. The value of 13 rapidly-mutating (RM) Y-STRs for differentiating male individuals is investigated in 14,644 related and unrelated men sampled from 111 worldwide populations. Over 99% of the 12,272 unrelated men were completely individualized. Of the 2,378 father-son pairs, 27% were separated. Figure: blue lines represent Y-STR haplotypes shared between population pairs in a subset of 7,784 males from 65 populations. Almost all shared haplotypes defined by conventional 17 Yfiler Y-STRs (above) are resolved with the 13 RM Y-STRs (below). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1002/humu.22599