Chumpol AnamnartDittapong SongsaengSirisak ChanprasertChulalongkorn UniversityUniversity of Washington, SeattleFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University2020-01-272020-01-272019-05-30BMC Neurology. Vol.19, No.1 (2019)147123772-s2.0-85066506007https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51638© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary arteriopathy associated with the NOTCH3 gene. Clinical manifestations include strokes, transient ischaemic events, psychiatric disturbances, dementia, and migraines. We report a case of a Thai man with a severe CADASIL phenotype who presented with recurrent seizures and acute ischaemic stroke and classic vascular risk factors. Case presentation: A 50-year-old man with a history of mood disorder and progressive cognitive decline for 20 years as well as well-controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with recurrent generalized seizures and acute right-sided weakness. An MRI of the brain showed acute infarction of the left pons, a large number of cerebral microbleeds throughout the brain and white matter abnormalities without classic anterior temporal lobe lesions. Molecular genetic testing identified a homozygous pathologic variant, c.1672C > T (p. Arg558Cys), in the NOTCH3 gene. The diagnosis of CADASIL was confirmed. His clinical symptoms deteriorated, and he died of tracheobronchitis with secretion obstruction. Conclusion: This case raises awareness of an uncommon cause of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with classic vascular risk factors and emphasizes the need for a complete evaluation in cases with unexpected clinical presentation or unexpected diagnostic study results.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1186/s12883-019-1342-2