Davide ChiumelloGiuseppe Francesco Sferrazza PapaAntonio ArtigasBelaid BouhemadAleksandar GrgicLeo HeunksKlaus MarkstallerGiulia M. PellegrinoLara PisaniDavid RigauMarcus J. SchultzGiovanni SotgiuPeter SpiethMaurizio ZompatoriPaolo NavalesiUniversité Bourgogne Franche-ComtéIRCCS MultimedicaDresden International UniversityUniversità degli studi Magna Graecia di CatanzaroUniversità degli Studi di MilanoAlma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaDresden University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusUniversitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des SaarlandesUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaOspedale San PaoloMahidol UniversityMedizinische Universitat WienUniversità degli Studi di SassariVrije Universiteit AmsterdamUniversity Hospitals Sagrado Corazon - General de CatalunaCasa di Cura del Policlinico2020-01-272020-01-272019-09-01The European respiratory journal. Vol.54, No.3 (2019)139930032-s2.0-85072509098https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51451Copyright ©ERS 2019. Chest imaging in patients with acute respiratory failure plays an important role in diagnosing, monitoring and assessing the underlying disease. The available modalities range from plain chest X-ray to computed tomography, lung ultrasound, electrical impedance tomography and positron emission tomography. Surprisingly, there are presently no clear-cut recommendations for critical care physicians regarding indications for and limitations of these different techniques.The purpose of the present European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement is to provide physicians with a comprehensive clinical review of chest imaging techniques for the assessment of patients with acute respiratory failure, based on the scientific evidence as identified by systematic searches. For each of these imaging techniques, the panel evaluated the following items: possible indications, technical aspects, qualitative and quantitative analysis of lung morphology and the potential interplay with mechanical ventilation. A systematic search of the literature was performed from inception to September 2018. A first search provided 1833 references. After evaluating the full text and discussion among the committee, 135 references were used to prepare the current statement.These chest imaging techniques allow a better assessment and understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of patients with acute respiratory failure, but have different indications and can provide additional information to each other.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1183/13993003.00435-2019