R. R. CookK. PeltzerS. M. WeissV. J. RodriguezD. L. JonesUCLA Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of MedicineUniversity of LimpopoHuman Sciences Research Council of South AfricaMahidol University2019-08-232019-08-232018-09-01AIDS and Behavior. Vol.22, No.9 (2018), 2947-295515733254109071652-s2.0-85040033348https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/46408© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. While efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV been successful in some districts in South Africa, rates remain unacceptably high in others. This study utilized Bayesian logistic regression to examine maternal-level predictors of adherence to infant nevirapine prophylaxis, including intimate partner violence, maternal adherence, HIV serostatus disclosure reaction, recency of HIV diagnosis, and depression. Women (N = 303) were assessed during pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. Maternal adherence to antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy predicted an 80% reduction in the odds of infant nonadherence [OR 0.20, 95% posterior credible interval (.11,.38)], and maternal prenatal depression predicted an increase [OR 1.04, 95% PCI (1.01, 1.08)]. Results suggest that in rural South Africa, failure to provide medication to infants may arise from shared risk factors with maternal nonadherence. Intervening to increase maternal adherence and reduce depression may improve adherence to infant prophylaxis and ultimately reduce vertical transmission rates.Mahidol UniversityMedicinePsychologyArticleSCOPUS10.1007/s10461-017-2010-4