Virginie RougeronEric ElgueroCéline ArnathauBeatriz Acuña HidalgoPatrick DurandSandrine HouzeAntoine BerrySedigheh ZakeriRashidul HaqueMohammad Shafiul AlamFrançois NostenCarlo SeveriniTamirat Gebru WoldearegaiBenjamin MordmüllerPeter Gottfried KremsnerLilia González-CerónGustavo FontechaDionicia GamboaLise MussetEric LegrandOscar NoyaTepanata PumpaiboolPingchai HarnyuttanakornKhadijetou Mint LekweiryMusab Mohamad AlbsheerMuzamil Mahdi Abdel HamidAli Ould Mohamed Salem BoukaryJean François TrapeFrançois RenaudFranck PrugnolleUniversity of Nouakchott (Université de Nouakchott)Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von HumboldtMaladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et ContrôleAix Marseille UniversitéUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de HondurasInstitut Pasteur de la GuyaneKhartoum UniversityHaramaya UniversityChulalongkorn UniversityUniversite Paul Sabatier Toulouse IIICHU de ToulouseHôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard AP-HPInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública. MéxicoUniversität TübingenMahidol UniversityInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research BangladeshIstituto Superiore Di SanitaPasteur Institute of IranInstitut Pasteur, ParisUniversidad Central de VenezuelaGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Centre for Tropical Medicine2020-05-052020-05-052020-01-01PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Vol.14, No.3 (2020), 1-1719352735193527272-s2.0-85082145367https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/54693© 2020 Rougeron et al. More than 200 million malaria clinical cases are reported each year due to Plasmodium vivax, the most widespread Plasmodium species in the world. This species has been neglected and understudied for a long time, due to its lower mortality in comparison with Plasmodium falciparum. A renewed interest has emerged in the past decade with the dis-covery of antimalarial drug resistance and of severe and even fatal human cases. Nonethe-less, today there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the population genetics and evolutionary history of P. vivax, particularly because of a lack of genetic data from Africa. To address these gaps, we genotyped 14 microsatellite loci in 834 samples obtained from 28 locations in 20 countries from around the world. We discuss the worldwide population genetic structure and diversity and the evolutionary origin of P. vivax in the world and its introduction into the Americas. This study demonstrates the importance of conducting genome-wide analyses of P. vivax in order to unravel its complex evolutionary history.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1371/journal.pntd.0008072