Damaris K. KinyokiJennifer M. RossAlice Lazzar-AtwoodSandra B. MunroLauren E. SchaefferMahdieh Abbasalizad-FarhangiMasoumeh AbbasiHedayat AbbastabarAhmed AbdelalimAmir AbdoliMohammad AbdollahiIbrahim AbdollahpourRizwan Suliankatchi AbdulkaderNebiyu Dereje AbebeTeshome Abuka AbeboKedir Hussein AbegazHassan AbolhassaniLucas Guimarães AbreuMichael R.M. AbrigoAbdelrahman I. AbushoukManfred Mario Kokou AccrombessiDilaram AcharyaMaryam AdabiAkindele Olupelumi AdebiyiIsaac Akinkunmi AdedejiVictor AdekanmbiAbiodun Moshood AdeoyeOlatunji O. AdetokunbohDavoud AdhamPosi Emmanuel AdurojaShailesh M. AdvaniMohsen AfaridehMohammad AghaaliAnurag AgrawalTauseef AhmadKeivan AhmadiSepideh AhmadiMuktar Beshir AhmedRushdia AhmedOlufemi AjumobiChalachew Genet AkalTemesgen Yihunie AkaluTomi AkinyemijuBlessing AkombiZiyad Al-AlySamiah AlamGenet Melak AlameneTurki M. AlanziJacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde RabanalNiguse Meles AlemaBeriwan Abdulqadir AliMuhammad AliMehran AlijanzadehCyrus AliniaVahid AlipourHesam AlizadeSyed Mohamed AljunidAfshin AlmasiAmir Almasi-HashianiHesham M. Al-MekhlafiRajaa M. Al-RaddadiKhalid AltirkawiNelson Alvis-GuzmanNelson J. Alvis-ZakzukAzmeraw T. AmareAdeladza Kofi AmegahSaeed AminiMostafa Amini RaraniFatemeh AmiriArianna Maever Loreche AmitNahla Hamed AnberCatalina Liliana AndreiFereshteh AnsariAlireza Ansari-MoghaddamZelalem Alamrew AntenehCarl Abelardo T. AntonioErnoiz AntriyandartiDavood AnvariRazique AnwerSeth Christopher Yaw AppiahJalal ArablooMorteza Arab-ZozaniEphrem Mebrahtu ArayaZohreh ArefiOlatunde AremuJohan ÄrnlövAfsaneh ArzaniMehran Asadi-AliabadiAli A. Asadi-PooyaSamaneh AsgariBabak AsghariAlebachew Fasil AshagreAnemaw A. AsratBahar AtaeiniaHagos Tasew AtalayDesta Debalkie AtnafuMaha Moh’d Wahbi AtoutMarcel AusloosEuripide F.G.A. AvokpahoAshish AwasthiLincoln Medical SchoolPreventive Medicine and Public Health Research CenterHealth Management and Economics Research CenterHealth Promotion Research CenterPublic Health Foundation of IndiaAdvanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research CenterThe Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS)Research Center for ImmunodeficienciesNon-Communicable Diseases Research CenterSocial determinants of health research center, Birjand University of Medical SciencesErbil Polytechnic UniversityAksum UniversityWachemo UniversityMadda Walabu UniversityHawassa UniversityAdigrat UniversityPrevention of Metabolic Disorders Research CenterSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteBucharest University of Economic StudiesUniversidad de la CostaIranshahr University of Medical SciencesJazan UniversityVA St. Louis Health Care SystemImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal universityDongguk University, GyeongjuBirmingham City UniversityInstitute for Health Metrics and EvaluationRazi Vaccine &amp; Serum Research Institute, IranJahrom University of Medical ScienceQom University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesUniversity of GondarSana'a UniversityUniversity of Cape Coast GhanaKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKathmandu UniversityUniversity of the Philippines ManilaJimma UniversityBahar Dar UniversityAddis Ababa UniversityHazara University PakistanUniversitas Sebelas MaretQuaid-i-Azam UniversityUniversidad de CartagenaUniversity of KuwaitUniversitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila din BucurestiUniversity of LeicesterMinistry of Health Saudi ArabiaArak University of Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisSouth African Medical Research CouncilLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenUniversity of Washington School of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) AustraliaOlabisi Onabanjo UniversityTehran University of Medical SciencesEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (TUMS)Qazvin University of Medical SciencesArdabil University of Medical SciencesBabol University of Medical SciencesIran University of Medical SciencesCardiff UniversityGeorgetown UniversityInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública. MéxicoShiraz University of Medical SciencesUrmia University of Medical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesKarolinska University HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesUniversity College Hospital, IbadanMazandaran University of Medical SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesAin Shams UniversityDalhousie UniversityUniversity of Washington, SeattleUniversity of NottinghamHögskolan DalarnaKing Saud UniversityKarolinska InstitutetMansoura UniversityCairo UniversityWashington University in St. LouisInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research BangladeshKermanshah University of Medical SciencesBRAC UniversityHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDuke UniversityHamedan University of Medical SciencesNational Institutes of HealthUniversity of IbadanAl-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversitySoutheast University, NanjingKing Abdulaziz UniversityInstitute of Genomics and Integrative Biology IndiaBaylor College of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUniversity of Nevada, RenoStellenbosch UniversityHormozgan University of Medical SciencesElyon Heart Rehabilitation CenterIshik UniversityLaboratory of Studies and Research-Action in HealthBénin Clinical Research Institute (IRCB)Philippine Institute for Development StudiesFederal Ministry of Health2020-06-022020-06-022020-05-01Nature Medicine. Vol.26, No.5 (2020), 750-7591546170X107889562-s2.0-85084142866https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/56124© 2020, The Author(s). A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6