Eliane RohnerKurt SchmidlinMarcel ZwahlenRana ChakrabortyGary CliffordNiels ObelSophie GrabarAnnelies VerbonAntoni Noguera-JulianAli JuddIntira Jeannie CollinsPablo RojoNorbert BrockmeyerMaria CampbellGeneviève CheneHans ProzeskyBrian EleyD'Cristina StefanAlan DavidsonCleophas ChimbeteteShobna SawryMary Ann DaviesAzar KariminiaUng VibolAnnette SohnMatthias EggerJulia BohliusFrank TanserMichael VinikoorEusebio MaceteRobin WoodKathryn StinsonDaniela GaroneGeoffrey FattiSam PhiriJanet GiddyKennedy MalisitaChristiane FritzMichael HobbinsKamelia KamenovaMatthew FoxKarl TechnauRobert ZangerleGiota TouloumiJosiane WarszawskiLaurence MeyerFrançois DabisMurielle Mary KrauseJade GhosnCatherine LeportLinda WittkopPeter ReissFerdinand WitMaria PrinsHeiner BucherCaroline SabinDiana GibbGerd FätkenheuerJulia Del AmoClaire ThorneAmanda MocroftOle KirkChristoph StephanSantiago Pérez-HoyosOsamah HamoudaBarbara BartmeyerNikoloz ChkhartishviliAndrea AntinoriAntonella D.Arminio MonforteLuis PrietoAntoni Soriano-ArandesManuel BattegayRoger KouyosCristina MussiniPat TookeyJordi CasabonaJose M. MiróAntonella CastagnaDeborah KonopnickTessa GoetghebuerAnders SönnerborgCarlo TortiRamon TeiraMyriam GarridoDavid HaerryStéphane De WitDominique CostagliolaDorthe RabenDiana BargerChristine SchwimmerMonique TermoteCasper FrederiksenNina Friis-MøllerJuan BerenguerVincent BouteloupAlessandro Cozzi-LepriMaria DorrucciUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalCentre for Infectious Disease Research in ZambiaCentro de Investigação em Saúde de ManhiçaDesmond Tutu HIV Centre (Gugulethu and Masiphumelele clinics)Médecins Sans Frontières KhayelitshaKheth'Impilo ProgrammeLighthouse TrustMcCord HospitalNewlands ClinicQueen Elizabeth Central Hospital MalawiUniversity of Cape TownSolidarMed SMART ProgrammeSolidarMed SMART ProgrammeSolidarMed SMART ProgrammeThemba Lethu ClinicTygerberg HospitalRahima Moosa Mother and Child HospitalBaragwanath HospitalAHIVCOSAMACSANRS CO1 EPF/ANRS CO11 OBSERVATOIRE EPFANRS CO2 SEROCOANRS CO3 AQUITAINEANRS CO4 FHDHANRS CO6 PRIMOANRS CO8 COPILOTEANRS CO13 HEPAVIHATHENACascadeUK CHICCHIPSCologne-BonnCoRISDanish HIV CohortECSEuroSIDAGEMES-HaemoGerman ClinSurvGeorgian National HIV/AIDSCORISPE-catICCICONAKOMPNETMadrid PMTCT CohortCORISPES-MadridNENEXPSHCSModena CohortNSHPCPISCISSt. Pierre CohortSt Pierre Paediatric CohortSwedish InfCareThe Italian Master CohortVACHEuropean AIDS Treatment GroupCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, BrusselsFHDHCopenhagen Regional Coordinating CentreBordeaux Regional Coordinating CentrePaediatric Cohort RepresentativesBordeaux RCCCopenhagen RCCNational Hospital of Pediatrics Hanoi2018-12-112019-03-142018-12-112019-03-142016-11-01Clinical Infectious Diseases. Vol.63, No.9 (2016), 1245-125315376591105848382-s2.0-84994517593https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/41091© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. Background. The burden of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has not been compared globally. Methods. We analyzed cohort data from the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS and the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe.We included HIV-infected children aged <16 years at cART initiation from 1996 onward. We used Cox models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for region and origin, sex, cART start year, age, and HIV/AIDS stage at cART initiation. Results. We included 24 991 children from eastern Africa, southern Africa, Europe and Asia; 26 developed KS after starting cART. Incidence rates per 100 000 person-years (PYs) were 86 in eastern Africa (95% confidence interval [CI], 55-133), 11 in southern Africa (95% CI, 4-35), and 81 (95% CI, 26-252) in children of sub-Saharan African (SSA) origin in Europe. The KS incidence rates were 0/100 000 PYs in children of non-SSA origin in Europe (95% CI, 0-50) and in Asia (95% CI, 0-27). KS risk was lower in girls than in boys (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.3; 95% CI, .1-.9) and increased with age (10-15 vs 0-4 years; aHR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-10.1) and advanced HIV/AIDS stage (CDC stage C vs A/B; aHR, 2.4; 95% CI, .8-7.3) at cART initiation. Conclusions. HIV-infected children from SSA but not those from other regions, have a high risk of developing KS after cART initiation. Early cART initiation in these children might reduce KS risk.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/cid/ciw519