Kuldeep DhamaShyma K. LatheefMaryam DadarHari Abdul SamadAshok MunjalRekha KhandiaKumaragurubaran KarthikRuchi TiwariMohd Iqbal YatooPrakash BhattSandip ChakrabortyKaram Pal SinghHafiz M.N. IqbalWanpen ChaicumpaSunil Kumar JoshiRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, IranTamilnadu Veterinary Animal Sciences UniversityBarkatullah UniversityUniversity of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of MedicineSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirCollege of Veterinary Science IndiaGovind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityTecnologico de MonterreyIndian Veterinary Research InstituteCollege of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry2020-01-272020-01-272019-01-01Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. Vol.6, (2019)2296889X2-s2.0-85074725671https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/50409© 2019 Dhama, Latheef, Dadar, Samad, Munjal, Khandia, Karthik, Tiwari, Yatoo, Bhatt, Chakraborty, Singh, Iqbal, Chaicumpa and Joshi. Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism’s welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyReviewSCOPUS10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091