Bakar N.S.A.Bakar K.Nirmal N.Nor-Khaizura M.A.R.Saricaoglu F.T.Karim N.U.Mahidol University2026-05-082026-05-082026-03-01International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences Vol.15 No.2 (2026) , 438-44623056622https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/116599This study aims to develop and characterize antibacterial biodegradable film using polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Annona muricata leaf extract (15%) reinforced with chitosan (0, 1, 2, and 4%). Surface morphology and biomaterial interaction were accessed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Film reinforced with 4% chitosan showed the greatest thickness (P<0.05) compared to others. The elongation at break (EAB) of Annona-based film reinforced with 1% chitosan was considerably higher (P<0.05) than controls. The annona-based film reinforced with 4% chitosan demonstrated significantly higher opacity (P<0.05) than controls. The film was completely degradable in the soil on day 16. Anonna-based film inhibited R. planticola, C. farmeri, C. braakii, A. hydrophila and S. lentus. Furthermore, an increased chitosan concentration showed increased antibacterial activity of the film. Therefore, Annona-based film reinforced with 4% chitosan shows promising potential as a biodegradable packaging material.Agricultural and Biological SciencesArticleSCOPUS10.47278/journal.ijab/2025.1872-s2.0-10503754482423063599