Jitra LimthongkulNithipong MapratiepSuttikarn ApichirapokeyAmpa SuksatuPanuwat MidoengSukathida UbolMahidol UniversityPhramongkutklao College of Medicine2020-01-272020-01-272019-08-01Antiviral Research. Vol.168, (2019), 1-818729096016635422-s2.0-85065412893https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/51037© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Dengue viruses (DENVs)have threatened 2/3 of the world population for decades. Thus, combating DENV infection with either antiviral therapy or protective vaccination is an urgent goal. In the present study, we investigated the anti-DENV activity of insect cell-derived anionic septapeptides from C6/36 mosquito cell cultures persistently infected with DENV. These molecules were previously shown to protect C6/36 and Vero cells against DENV infection. We found that treatment with these septapeptides strongly and rapidly downregulated the multiplication of DENV-1 16007, DENV-3 16562, and DENV-4 1036 but not that of DENV-2 16681 in primary human monocytes. This inhibitory effect was likely mediated through various routes including the increased production of antiviral cytokines (IFN–I), activation of mononuclear cell migration, and upregulation of the expression of antiviral miRNAs (has-miR-30e*, has-miR-133a, and has-miR-223)and inflammation-related miRNAs (has-miR-146a and has-miR-147). In conclusion, anionic septapeptides exerted anti-DENV activity in human monocytes through the upregulation of innate immune responses and the activation of several previously reported antiviral and inflammation-related miRNAs.Mahidol UniversityImmunology and MicrobiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.012