Tarinee TungsuchatHiroshi KurodaJarunya NarangajavanaPal MaligaRutgers, The State University of New JerseyMahidol UniversityNagoya City University2018-08-202018-08-202006-07-01Plant Molecular Biology. Vol.61, No.4-5 (2006), 711-718016744122-s2.0-33746708151https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/23014We developed a novel system for gene activation in plastids that uses the CRE/loxP site-specific recombination system to create a translatable reading frame by excision of a blocking sequence. To test the system, we introduced an inactive gfp* gene into the tobacco plastid genome downstream of the selectable spectinomcyin resistance (aadA) marker gene. The aadA gene is the blocking sequence, and is flanked by directly oriented loxP sites for excision by the CRE. In the non-activated state, gfp* is transcribed from the aadA promoter, but the mRNA is not translated due to the lack of an AUG translation initiation codon. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression is activated by excision of the aadA coding segment to link up the gfp* coding region with the translation initiation codon of aadA. Tobacco plants that carry the inactive gfp* gene do not contain detectable levels of GFP. However, activation of gfp* resulted in GFP accumulation, proving the utility of CRE-induced protein expression in tobacco chloroplasts. The gene activation system described here will be useful to probe plastid gene function and for the production of recombinant proteins in chloroplasts. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1007/s11103-006-0044-5