Chulapan EngchanilPope KosalaraksaViraphong LulitanondPagakrong LumbiganonWasun ChantratitaKhon Kaen UniversityMahidol University2018-08-202018-08-202006-10-01Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. Vol.89, No.10 (2006), 1713-172001252208012522082-s2.0-33751013034https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/23581Background: Multi-drug resistant HIV mutants have been reported after prolonged dual antiretroviral therapy. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and resistance pattern in HIV-infected children treated with dual NRTIs. Material and Method: Records of HIV-infected children treated with dual NRTIs at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, were reviewed for baseline data and their consensually-stored plasma were checked for the occurrence of HIV mutants by genotyping. Results: Fifty-seven HIV-infected children were treated with dual NRTI regimens (27 males; 30 females). The median age and median CD4+ T-lymphocyte at genotypic testing were 83.5 months and 10.9%, respectively. The median duration of ARV therapy was 22 months. More than half the children (42) were on zidovudine and didanosine. A set of three or more nucleoside analog mutations (NAMs), conferring multi-dideoxynucleoside resistance, was found in 60% of the cases. Conclusion: High percentages of NAMs were found in HIV-infected children previously on dual ARV therapy for long periods. Genotypic testing was helpful in designing the second antiretroviral regimen.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS