Jianbing MuRachel A. MyersHongying JiangShengfa LiuStacy RicklefsMichael WaisbergKesinee ChotivanichPolrat WilairatanaSrivicha KrudsoodNicholas J. WhiteRachanee UdomsangpetchLiwang CuiMay HoFengzhen OuHaibo LiJianping SongGuoqiao LiXinhua WangSuon SeilaSreng SokuntheaDuong SocheatDaniel E. SturdevantStephen F. PorcellaRick M. FairhurstThomas E. WellemsPhilip AwadallaXin Zhuan SuNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MontrealNorth Carolina State UniversityXiamen UniversityNational Institutes of Health, BethesdaMahidol UniversityPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity of CalgaryResearch Center for QinghaoGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control2018-09-242018-09-242010-03-01Nature Genetics. Vol.42, No.3 (2010), 268-27115461718106140362-s2.0-77649188974https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/28780Antimalarial drugs impose strong selective pressure on Plasmodium falciparum parasites and leave signatures of selection in the parasite genome; screening for genes under selection may suggest potential drug or immune targets. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of parasite traits have been hampered by the lack of high-throughput genotyping methods, inadequate knowledge of parasite population history and time-consuming adaptations of parasites to in vitro culture. Here we report the first Plasmodium GWAS, which included 189 culture-adapted P. falciparum parasites genotyped using a custom-built Affymetrix molecular inversion probe 3K malaria panel array with a coverage of 1 SNP per 7 kb. Population structure, variation in recombination rate and loci under recent positive selection were detected. Parasite half-maximum inhibitory concentrations for seven antimalarial drugs were obtained and used in GWAS to identify genes associated with drug responses. This study provides valuable tools and insight into the P. falciparum genome. © 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1038/ng.528