Umaporn LimothaiNatthaya ChuaypenKittiyod PoovorawanWatcharasak ChotiyaputtaTawesak TanwandeeYong PoovorawanPisit TangkijvanichChulalongkorn UniversityMahidol UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University2020-05-052020-05-052020-01-01Journal of Medical Virology. (2020)10969071014666152-s2.0-85082602379https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/54582© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA is a novel marker reflecting the activity of covalently closed circular DNA. However, the methodology for detecting HBV RNA has been a technical challenge. In this study, the performance of reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) for quantifying HBV RNA was compared with that of reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in serum samples collected from treatment-naïve patients with different phases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 417 serum samples, including 136 HBeAg-positive CHB and 281 HBeAg-negative CHB were examined. HBV RNA levels measured by RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR showed a high degree of linearity and quantitative correlation. The limit of detections of RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR assays were 102 and 103 copies/mL, respectively. Our results also demonstrated that RT-ddPCR was superior to RT-qPCR in terms of its consistency for quantifying HBV RNA across all concentrations. In the HBeAg-positive group, serum HBV RNA levels based on RT-ddPCR were moderately correlated with HBV DNA (r = 0.591, P <.001) and HBsAg (r = 0.502, P <.001). Among patients with HBeAg-negative CHB, serum HBV RNA levels were moderately correlated with HBV DNA (r = 0.603, P <.001) but had weak correlation with HBsAg (r = 0.203, P =.001). In summary, RT-ddPCR could enhance the sensitivity of serum HBV RNA detection, particularly among the HBeAg-negative group with low viral loads. Thus, RT-ddPCR could serve as an optimal method for HBV RNA quantification in clinical practice.Mahidol UniversityImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1002/jmv.25792