Aasis UnnanuntanaAleksey DvorzhinskiyBrian J. RebolledoShevaun M. DoylePanagiota AndreopoulouJoseph M. LaneHospital for Special Surgery - New YorkMahidol University2018-12-212019-03-142018-12-212019-03-142017-12-18Vitamin D: Fourth Edition. Vol.1, (2017), 1043-10612-s2.0-85042549929https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/41329© 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Vitamin D is integral to calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency affects people of all ages and results in an increased risk of fractures, nonunions, and deformities in both children and adults. Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D also plays an essential role in skeletal muscle, and a lack of vitamin D can contribute to muscle weakness and an elevated risk of falls. Several studies have even linked vitamin D status to the progression of osteoarthritis and subsequent total joint replacement outcomes. Given the pervasiveness of vitamin D deficiency and its implication in a wide range of common musculoskeletal diseases, it is imperative that orthopedic surgeons are familiar with the prevention and treatment of this disorder.Mahidol UniversityAgricultural and Biological SciencesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyChapterSCOPUS10.1016/B978-0-12-809965-0.00056-2