Thanyawee PuthanakitGonzague JourdainPiyarat SuntarattiwongKulkanya ChokephaibulkitUmaporn SiangphoeTulathip SuwanlerkWasana PrasitsuebsaiVirat SirisanthanaPope KosalaraksaWitaya PetdachaiRawiwan HansudewechakulNaris WaranawatJintanat AnanworanichT. BunupuradahC. PhasomsapP. Kaew-onS. KanjanavanitT. HinjiranandanaP. LayangoolN. KamonpakornS. BuranabanjasateanC. NgampiyaskulT. ChotpitayasunondhS. ChanpradubP. LeawsrisukS. ChearskulN. VanpraparW. PhongsamartK. LapphraP. ChearskulO. WittawatmongkolW. PrasitsuebsaiK. IntalapapornN. KongstanN. PanninA. MaleesatharnB. KhumchaL. AurpibulN. WongnumR. NadsasarnP. LumbiganonP. TharnprisanT. UdompanichM. YentangA. KhonponoiN. ManeeratS. DenjuntaWatanapornS.C. YodsuwanW. SrisukS. SomsriK. SurapanichadulThe HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research CollaborationChulalongkorn UniversityChiang Mai UniversityQueen Sirikit National Institute of Child HealthMahidol UniversityKhon Kaen UniversityPetchburi HospitalChiang Rai Regional HospitalSouth East Asia Research Collaboration with HawaiiRed Cross AIDS Research CentreNakornping HospitalBhumibol Adulyadej HospitalSomdej Prapinklao HospitalMae Chan HospitalPrapokklao Provincial Hospital2018-06-112018-06-112012-06-18AIDS Research and Therapy. Vol.9, (2012)174264052-s2.0-84862259247https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/13699Background: Limited data exist for the efficacy of second-line antiretroviral therapy among children in resource limited settings. We assessed the virologic response to protease inhibitor-based ART after failing first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at 8 Thai sites of children who switched to PI -based regimens due to failure of NNRTI -based regimens. Primary endpoints were HIV RNA < 400 copies/ml and CD4 change over 48 weeks.Results: Data from 241 children with median baseline values before starting PI-based regimens of 9.1 years for age, 10% for CD4%, and 4.8 log 10 copies/ml for HIV RNA were included; 104 (41%) received a single ritonavir-boosted PI (sbPI) with 2 NRTIs and 137 (59%) received double-boosted PI (dbPI) with/without NRTIs based on physician discretion. SbPI children had higher baseline CD4 (17% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), lower HIV RNA (4.5 vs. 4.9 log 10 copies/ml, p < 0.001), and less frequent high grade multi-NRTI resistance (12.4% vs 60.5%, p < 0.001) than the dbPI children. At week 48, 81% had HIV RNA < 400 copies/ml (sbPI 83.1% vs. dbPI 79.8%, p = 0.61) with a median CD4 rise of 9% (+7%vs. + 10%, p < 0.005). However, only 63% had HIV RNA < 50 copies/ml, with better viral suppression seen in sbPI (76.6% vs. 51.4%, p 0.002).Conclusion: Second-line PI therapy was effective for children failing first line NNRTI in a resource-limited setting. DbPI were used in patients with extensive drug resistance due to limited treatment options. Better access to antiretroviral drugs is needed. © 2012 Puthanakit et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1186/1742-6405-9-20