Cao Z.Aharonian F.Bai Y.X.Bao Y.W.Bastieri D.Bi X.J.Bi Y.J.Bian W.Bukevich A.V.Cai C.M.Cao W.Y.Cao Z.Chang J.Chang J.F.Chen A.M.Chen E.S.Chen G.H.Chen H.X.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.B.Chen X.J.Chen Y.Cheng N.Cheng Y.D.Chu M.C.Cui M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Dai B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.DanzengluobuDiao Y.X.Dong X.Q.Duan K.K.Fan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fang J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Feng C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Gabici S.Gao B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Ge M.M.Ge T.T.Geng L.S.Giacinti G.Gong G.H.Gou Q.B.Gu M.H.Guo F.L.Guo J.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Han Y.A.Hannuksela O.A.Hasan M.He H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He X.Y.He Y.Hernández-Cadena S.Hou B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hu H.B.Hu S.C.Huang C.Huang D.H.Huang J.J.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Y.Y.Ji X.L.Jia H.Y.Jia K.Mahidol University2026-05-162026-05-162025-01-01Physical Review D Vol.112 No.12 (2025)24700010https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/116740We present a precise measurement of the westward rigidity-dependent shift of the Moon’s shadow using three and a half years of cosmic ray data collected by the kilometer square array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) experiment. These measurements enable us to calibrate the detector energy response in the range of 20 to 260 TeV, with results showing excellent agreement with the energy response derived from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the KM2A detector. We also measure a best-fit parameter ϵ ¼ 0.015 ± 0.08, corresponding to a 95% CI of ½−14%; +17%] for the energy scale estimation. This result establishes the exceptional accuracy of the KM2A-MC in simulating the detector’s response within this energy range.Physics and AstronomyReviewSCOPUS10.1103/GC7N-YPQW2-s2.0-10503821738424700029