Vinant BhargavaSanjiv JasujaSydney Chi Wai TangAnil K. BhallaGaurav SagarVivekanand JhaRaja RamachandranManisha SahaySuceena AlexanderTushar VachharajaniAida LydiaMamun MostafiJayakrishnan K. PisharamChakko JacobAtma GunawanGoh Bak LeongKhin Thida ThwinRajendra Kumar AgrawalKriengsak VareesangthipRoberto TanchancoLina ChoongChula HerathChih Ching LinSyed Fazal AkhtarAli AlsahowDevender Singh RanaMohan M. RajapurkarVijay KherShalini VermaSampathkumar KrishnaswamyAmit GuptaAnupam BahlAshwani GuptaUmesh B. KhannaSantosh VarugheseMaurizio GallieniSiriraj HospitalMinistry of Health BruneiBir HospitalSri Jayewardenepura General HospitalOsmania General HospitalBrawijaya UniversityUniversitas Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto MangunkusumoSindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationMuljibhai Patel Urological HospitalQueen Mary Hospital Hong KongUniversità degli Studi di MilanoSir Ganga Ram HospitalMeenakshi Mission Hospital and Research CentreCleveland Clinic FoundationIndraprastha Apollo HospitalsSingapore General HospitalVeterans General Hospital-TaipeiChristian Medical College, VellorePostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, ChandigarhApollo Medics HospitalLancelot Kidney and GI CentreBangalore Baptist HospitalMedanta HospitalClinical ResearchUniversity of Dental MedicineJahra HospitalThe Medical CityGeorge Institute of Global HealthArmed Forces Medical CollegeHospital Serdang2022-08-042022-08-042021-11-01Nephrology. Vol.26, No.11 (2021), 898-90614401797132053582-s2.0-85112668449https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/77737Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is largely underutilized globally. We analyzed PD utilization, impact of economic status, projected growth and impact of state policy(s) on PD growth in South Asia and Southeast Asia (SA&SEA) region. Methods: The National Nephrology Societies of the region responded to a questionnaire on KRT practices. The responses were based on the latest registry data, acceptable community-based studies and societal perceptions. The representative countries were divided into high income and higher-middle income (HI & HMI) and low income and lower-middle income (LI & LMI) groups. Results: Data provided by 15 countries showed almost similar percentage of GDP as health expenditure (4%–7%). But there was a significant difference in per capita income (HI & HMI -US$ 28 129 vs. LI & LMI - US$ 1710.2) between the groups. Even after having no significant difference in monthly cost of haemodialysis (HD) and PD in LI & LMI countries, they have poorer PD utilization as compared to HI & HMI countries (3.4% vs. 10.1%); the reason being lack of formal training/incentives and time constraints for the nephrologist while lack of reimbursement and poor general awareness of modalities has been a snag for the patients. The region expects ≥10% PD growth in the near future. Hong Kong and Thailand with ‘PD first’ policy have the highest PD utilization. Conclusion: Important deterrents to PD underutilization were lack of PD centric policies, lackadaisical patient/physician's attitude, lack of structured patient awareness programs, formal training programs and affordability.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1111/nep.13949