Minh An Thuy LeSi Lei FongKheng Seang LimSuryani GunadharmaDesin Pambudi SejahteraAnannit VisudtibhanDerrick ChanSomchit VorachitSamleng ChanOhnmarAnnabell E. ChuaLeonor Cabral-LimNorazieda YassinViet Thang LeChong Tin TanRaja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha HospitalUniversity of the Philippines ManilaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy VietnamUniversitas PadjadjaranUniversitas Gadjah MadaUniversity of MalayaFaculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityKK Women's And Children's HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesUniversity of Medicine 1University of Health SciencesBrunei NeurosciencesSardjito General Hospital2020-01-272020-01-272019-07-01Seizure. Vol.69, (2019), 51-5615322688105913112-s2.0-85063811389https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51584© 2019 British Epilepsy Association Purpose: This survey was performed to determine the availability of epilepsy surgery, and understand the limiting factors to epilepsy surgery in ASEAN countries with total of 640 million population. Method: A cross-sectional survey was completed by national representatives in all ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). Results: Overall facilities for initial epilepsy pre-surgical evaluation are available in most countries, but further non-invasive and invasive investigations are limited. Three countries (Brunei, Cambodia, and East Timor) have no epilepsy center, and 2 countries (Laos, Myanmar) have level 2 centers doing tumor surgery only. Level-3 epilepsy centers are available in 6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam); only 5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand) has at least one level-4 epilepsy care facility. Indonesia with 261 million population only has one level 3 and another level 4 center. The costs of presurgical evaluation and brain surgery vary within and among the countries. The main barriers towards epilepsy surgery in ASEAN include lack of expertise, funding and facilities. Conclusions: Epilepsy surgery is underutilized in ASEAN with low number of level 3 centers, and limited availability of advanced presurgical evaluation. Lack of expertise, facilities and funding may be the key factors contributing to the underutilization.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.seizure.2019.04.002