Titiwattanakarn T.Settacomkul R.Kasemsuk T.Vivithanaporn P.Mahidol University2025-03-192025-03-192025-02-01Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Vol.26 No.2 (2025) , 465-470https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/106697INTRODUCTION: Plumbagin has been found to reduce proinflammatory cytokine expression in activated macrophages and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Cadmium triggers the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key mediator of inflammation and carcinogenesis in many cell types. The effects of plumbagin on cadmium-induced inflammation in triple-negative breast cancer cells are unknown. METHOD: We investigated the effects of plumbagin on cadmium-induced IL-6 expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, using real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. RESULT: Non-cytotoxic concentrations of cadmium chloride at 1 and 10 μM upregulated the IL-6 mRNA expression after 3 h of exposure and increased the IL-6 release after 24 h. Plumbagin at 4 μM or more was toxic to cells after 24 h. Plumbagin at 1 μM co-treated with cadmium reduced the expression and secretion of IL-6. At 24-h post-exposure, plumbagin decreased the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 induced by cadmium. CONCLUSION: Plumbagin inhibits cadmium-induced IL-6/STAT3 signaling in a triple-negative breast cancer cell and further in vivo studies are required to elucidate the potential use of plumbagin on cancer progression.Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.2.4652-s2.0-860001901992476762X40022690