Kanokthip JuksuJian Liang ZhaoYou Sheng LiuLi YaoCharoon SarinSiranee SreesaiPantip KlomjekYu Xia JiangGuang Guo YingGuangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNaresuan UniversityMahidol UniversitySouth China Normal University2020-01-272020-01-272019-11-10Science of the Total Environment. Vol.690, (2019), 1110-111918791026004896972-s2.0-85068760314https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/50893© 2019 Elsevier B.V. This study investigated the occurrence and fate of 19 biocides in 8 wastewater treatment plants and receiving aquatic environments (both freshwater and estuarine systems) in Thailand. The predominant compound in wastewater and surface water was methylparaben with the maximum concentration of 15.2 μg/L detected in the receiving river, while in sludge and sediment was triclocarban with the maximum concentration of 8.47 μg/g in sludge. Triclosan was the main contaminants in the fish samples with the maximum concentration of 1.20 μg/g. Similar results of biocides were found in the estuarine system in Pattaya city, with the maximum concentration of 185 ng/L in sea water for methylparaben, and 242 ng/g in estuarine sediment for triclocarban. The aqueous removal rates for the biocides ranged from 15% to 95% in average. The back estimated-usage and total estimated emission of Ʃ19 biocides in Thailand was 279 and 202 tons/year, respectively. Preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that clotrimazole and triclosan could pose high risks to aquatic organisms in the receiving aquatic environments.Mahidol UniversityEnvironmental ScienceArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.097