Sarah AuburnSisay GetachewRichard D. PearsonRoberto AmatoOlivo MiottoHidayat TrimarsantoSha Joe ZhuAngela RumasebJutta MarfurtRintis NoviyantiMatthew J. GriggBridget BarberTimothy WilliamSonia Morgado GoncalvesEleanor DruryKanlaya SriprawatNicholas M. AnsteyFrancois NostenBeyene PetrosAbraham AseffaGil McVeanDominic P. KwiatkowskiRic N. PriceArmauer Hansen Research InstituteAddis Ababa UniversityBadan Pengkajian dan Penerapan TeknologiEijkman Institute for Molecular BiologyMenzies School of Health ResearchMahidol UniversityNuffield Department of Clinical MedicineWellcome Sanger InstituteInfectious Diseases SocietyJesselton Medical CentreLi Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and DiscoveryQueen Elizabeth Hospital2020-01-272020-01-272019-10-22Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol.220, No.11 (2019), 1738-174915376613002218992-s2.0-85073244678https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51361© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The Horn of Africa harbors the largest reservoir of Plasmodium vivax in the continent. Most of sub-Saharan Africa has remained relatively vivax-free due to a high prevalence of the human Duffy-negative trait, but the emergence of strains able to invade Duffy-negative reticulocytes poses a major public health threat. We undertook the first population genomic investigation of P. vivax from the region, comparing the genomes of 24 Ethiopian isolates against data from Southeast Asia to identify important local adaptions. The prevalence of the Duffy binding protein amplification in Ethiopia was 79%, potentially reflecting adaptation to Duffy negativity. There was also evidence of selection in a region upstream of the chloroquine resistance transporter, a putative chloroquine-resistance determinant. Strong signals of selection were observed in genes involved in immune evasion and regulation of gene expression, highlighting the need for a multifaceted intervention approach to combat P. vivax in the region.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/infdis/jiz016