Gumphol WongsuvanViriya HantrakunPrapit TeparrukkulMallika ImwongT. Eoin WestVanaporn WuthiekanunNicholas P.J. DayDavid AucoinDirek LimmathurotsakulUniversity of OxfordUniversity of Washington, SeattleMahidol UniversityUniversity of Nevada School of MedicineSunpasitthiprasong Hospital2019-08-232019-08-232018-12-01Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Vol.112, No.12 (2018), 568-57018783503003592032-s2.0-85057205970https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/45933© 2018 The Author(s). Background Culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of melioidosis, an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Here we evaluate a lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) to detect B. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in serum samples. Methods Patients with culture from any clinical specimen positive for B. pseudomallei were selected as cases. Patients who were blood culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as those who were malaria or dengue polymerase chain reaction assay positive were selected as controls. Results The sensitivity of the LFI was 31.3% (60/192 case patients [95% confidence interval {CI} 24.8 to 38.3]) and the specificity was 98.8% (559/566 control patients [95% CI 97.4 to 99.5]) in serum samples. Conclusions Although LFI may have limited sensitivity in serum, it can rapidly diagnose melioidosis in resource-limited settings.Mahidol UniversityImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/trstmh/try099