Erica M. SparkenbaughPichika ChantrathammachartJacqueline MickelsonJoanne Van RynRobert P. HebbelDougald M. MonroeNigel MackmanNigel S. KeyRafal PawlinskiThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillMahidol UniversityBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGUniversity of Minnesota Medical School2018-11-092018-11-092014-03-13Blood. Vol.123, No.11 (2014), 1747-175615280020000649712-s2.0-84897481862https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/33286Activation of coagulation and vascular inflammation are prominent features of sickle cell disease (SCD). Previously, we have shown that inhibition of tissue factor (TF) attenuates activation of coagulation and vascular inflammation in mouse models of SCD. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which coagulation proteases enhance vascular inflammation in sickle BERK mice. To specifically investigate the contribution of FXa and thrombin, mice were fed chow containing either rivaroxaban or dabigatran, respectively. In addition, we used bone marrow transplantation to generate sickle mice deficient in either protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) or protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) on nonhematopoietic cells. FXa inhibition and PAR-2 deficiency in nonhematopoietic cells attenuated systemic inflammation, measured by plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, neither thrombin inhibition nor PAR-1 deficiency in nonhematopoietic cells affected plasma levels of IL-6 in sickle mice. However, thrombin did contribute to neutrophil infiltration in the lung, independently of PAR-1 expressed by nonhematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the TF-dependent increase in plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in sickle mice was not mediated by FXa or thrombin. Our data indicate that TF, FXa, and thrombin differentially contribute to vascular inflammation in a mouse model of SCD. © 2014 by The American Society of Hematology.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1182/blood-2013-08-523936