Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
Antibacterial Activity and Safety of Oregano Oil–Lauric Acid Cationic Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
(2026-06-01) Kumanbut R.; Kamble M.T.; Sirimanapong W.; Kitiyodom S.; Yostawonkul J.; Thompson K.D.; Pirarat N.; Kumanbut R.; Mahidol University
Aquaculture faces increasing challenges from bacterial diseases and the widespread use of antibiotics, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance and environmental concerns. Oregano oil–lauric acid cationic nanostructured lipid carriers (OE-L+NLCs) were developed in this study and their antibacterial activity and safety were evaluated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The nanoparticles were prepared using a hot homogenization–ultrasonication method and characterized based on their particle size, surface charge, morphology, and release profile. Antibacterial activity was assessed against six isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae using minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration assays, while their stability was evaluated under different storage conditions and simulated gastrointestinal environments. In vivo safety was determined through median lethal concentration analysis, survival assessment, and histopathology. The developed OE-L+NLCs showed a mean particle size of 175.90 ± 4.94 nm, positive zeta potential of +44.02 ± 0.54 mV, and low polydispersity index (0.15 ± 0.00). The formulation exhibited sustained carvacrol release (70.46 ± 0.96% over 24 h) and strong antibacterial activity against all six isolates, with MIC and MBC values of 0.25 and 0.25–0.49 mg/mL, respectively. The nanoformulation maintained antibacterial activity during 90 days of storage and under simulated gastric conditions. In vivo toxicity assessment showed that OE-L+NLCs exhibited a higher LC50 value (11.11 mg/mL) than free oregano oil (5.89 mg/mL), together with improved survival and reduced histopathological alterations in Nile tilapia. Overall, the formulation provides an effective and stable delivery platform for natural antimicrobials, offering a promising alternative to antibiotics for sustainable disease management in aquaculture.
The Nature of Mathematical Models
(2026-06-01) De Gaetano A.; De Gaetano A.; Mahidol University
Mathematical modeling has become pervasive in applications, not only in physics or economics, but also in biomedicine and other “soft” sciences. To the conceptual formulation of a model, there often follows its identification by statistical parameter estimation, given available observations. While the nature of the modeling process as well as its relationship with the attending statistical computations could both appear obvious to the practitioner, it may be useful to formalize them in a precise way. Insight into the process of (linear and nonlinear) model parameter estimation can be obtained from the description of the geometry of estimation in case space. The objective then is to describe the geometry of modeling in the abstract, and to show how the correspondence between the conceptual context of the model as an operator in the Hilbert space of finite-variance random variables and the computational context in (Formula presented.) can be formally represented. This work formalizes the geometric correspondence between model manifolds in the Hilbert space of random variables and the geometry of statistical estimation in case space, integrating classical tools (Hilbert spaces, manifolds, projections) into a unified framework for understanding modeling and estimation.
Utilizing deep learning from mobile phone photos for early detection of horizontal strabismus: a screening approach
(2026-12-01) Chawuthai R.; Sermswan A.; Boonnithititikul C.; Hokierti K.; Sermsripong W.; Jaruniphakul P.; Surachatkumtonekul T.; Chawuthai R.; Mahidol University
To develop and validate an artificial intelligence pipeline for binary screening of horizontal strabismus versus orthotropia using smartphone-acquired facial images and geometric landmark analysis. This two-stage system combines Real-Time Detection Transformer (RT-DETR) to localize nine ocular landmarks per eye across three gaze directions (left, center, right), and supervised machine learning classifiers. A feature set of five biometric ratios was derived from coordinates including the canthi, limbi, and corneal light reflexes. The model was trained on facial images from 150 participants (96 with strabismus and 54 controls). To address class imbalance and improve generalizability, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and 4-fold cross-validation were applied. RT-DETR achieved an intersection over union of 0.62 and a mean center-point error of 6.52 pixels in landmark localization. The Random Forest classifier achieved an accuracy of 0.95, sensitivity of 0.96, specificity of 0.94, positive predictive value of 0.97, and negative predictive value of 0.92. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining transformer-based landmark detection with geometric ratios for strabismus screening. The framework shows high performance under controlled conditions. While the use of biometric ratios allows for feature-level inspection, further research is required to establish full clinical interpretability and performance in uncontrolled environments.
Rapamycin Targets Cancer Stem Cells to Decrease Cisplatin Resistance in a Head and Neck Cancer Mouse Xenograft Model
(2026-01-01) Hlaing K.S.; Shan A.P.; Tamboon E.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Amornphimoltham P.; Hlaing K.S.; Mahidol University
Background: Cisplatin is a common chemotherapeutic agent for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but treatment success is often limited by resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known contributors to this cisplatin chemoresistance in HNSCC. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is frequently dysregulated in HNSCC, plays a crucial role via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in maintaining CSC populations and promoting cancer proliferation. However, the specific effects of combining rapamycin, an mTOR pathway inhibitor, with chemotherapeutic agents on CSC maintenance and overall tumorigenicity remain unclear. Methods: We examined CSC gene expression in HNSCC cell lines (HSC4, SCC25, OT-1109) and evaluated the therapeutic potential of combining rapamycin, an mTOR pathway inhibitor, with cisplatin on CSC using a cell viability assay. The combination was further evaluated in an HSC4 mouse xenograft model. Tumor volume and animal weight were monitored throughout treatment. Xenograft tissue analysis via immunohistochemistry assessed stem cell markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1), proliferation markers (Ki-67), and mTOR pathway inhibition (pS6). Results: Administration of low-dose cisplatin enriched the CD133+ cell population but failed to decrease the tumor mass in HNSCC xenografts. In contrast, the combination of cisplatin and rapamycin significantly impeded tumor growth and minimized toxicity, concurrently reducing the population of CD133+ tumor cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that rapamycin enhances the mechanistic efficacy of cisplatin by specifically targeting and reducing cisplatin-induced stemness (CD133+ CSC population). This study proposes a viable combination therapy for HNSCC involving an mTOR inhibitor and a platinum-based drug to overcome CSC-mediated resistance.
สถานะทางกฎหมายของกัญชาและการควบคุม
(2568) ฉัตรสุมน พฤฒิภิญโญ; Chardsumon Prutipinyo
สถานะทางกฎหมายของสารเสพติดกัญชาในแต่ละประเทศ (เช่น ถูกกฎหมายบางส่วน, ถูกกฎหมายเพื่อการแพทย์, หรือผิดกฎหมายทั้งหมด) จึงขออธิบายแนวทางควบคุมและป้องกันที่ใช้ในบางประเทศ เช่น การกำหนดอายุขั้นต่ำ การควบคุมการผลิตและจำหน่าย และการบังคับใช้กฎหมาย โดยเน้นประเทศที่มีนโยบายที่หลากหลาย เช่น ประเทศที่กัญชาถูกกฎหมายทั้งเพื่อการแพทย์และสันทนาการ (เช่น แคนาดา) และประเทศที่ยังคงห้ามอย่างเข้มงวด (เช่น สิงคโปร์) กระทรวงสาธารณสุขออกประกาศฉบับใหม่เพื่อควบคุมไม่ให้นำช่อดอกกัญชาไปใช้ผิดวัตถุประสงค์ ซึ่งกำหนดว่ากัญชาเป็นสมุนไพรควบคุมที่มีค่าต่อการศึกษา-วิจัย หรือมีความสำคัญทางเศรษฐกิจ โดยให้เหตุผลว่าต้องการแก้ไขจากประกาศฉบับเดิม เพื่อให้เหมาะสมกับสภาพการณ์ปัจจุบัน ให้กัญชาซึ่งเป็นพืชในสกุล Cannabis วงศ์ Cannabaceae เป็นสมุนไพรควบคุม ให้มีการกำกับการจำหน่ายในประเทศให้เข้มงวดมากขึ้นและเน้นให้ใช้กัญชาทางการแพทย์เท่านั้น