Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
Discovery of novel repurposed anthelminthics against Trichinella spiralis and albendazole-resistant nematodes through metabolomics-guided virtual screening
(2026-01-01) Chienwichai P.; Tipthara P.; Tarning J.; Thiangtrongjit T.; Supasawat P.; Adisakwattana P.; Reamtong O.; Chienwichai P.; Mahidol University
Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode that causes trichinellosis, leading to weakness, muscle pain, facial edema, and potentially death. Albendazole (ABZ) is the current drug of choice; however, resistance has been increasingly reported, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutics. Developing new drugs is costly and time-consuming, making computational approaches and drug repurposing attractive alternatives. In this study, we combined metabolomics and virtual screening to identify potential anthelmintic candidates for trichinellosis and ABZ-resistant nematodes. Both adult and larval T. spiralis were treated with ABZ, then untargeted metabolomics were performed. Over 11,000 features were detected using the XCMS platform, with 122 and 133 metabolites significantly altered in adults and larvae, respectively. Pathway analysis with MetaboAnalyst identified fatty acid degradation as a key pathway affected by ABZ. Since this pathway is essential for worm lipid metabolism, we targeted the enzymes carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 and 2, which transport fatty acids into mitochondria. Virtual screening against parasite and human CPTs identified 87 compounds that selectively bind the parasite proteins. Lumacaftor, entrectinib, and fluspirilene showed the lowest binding energies and were tested in vitro. In larval T. spiralis, fluspirilene and entrectinib killed the parasites at concentrations of 266.8 and 442.6 μg/ml, respectively, while lumacaftor showed no activity. Importantly, entrectinib also killed both ABZ-sensitive and ABZ-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans at lower concentrations than ABZ, demonstrating potent activity against resistant nematodes. Our findings suggest that entrectinib is a promising candidate for a novel anthelmintic, with potential to overcome ABZ resistance in trichinellosis and other parasitic infections.
Immunological surveillance using anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of Anopheles exposure and gaps in malaria risk assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion
(2026-01-01) Saeung M.; Jupatanakul N.; Jampeesri N.; Afelt A.; Chareonviriyaphap T.; Manguin S.; Saeung M.; Mahidol University
Entomological parameters such as mosquito biting rates often fail to capture variability in human behavior, thereby limiting its accuracy for assessing the population-level malaria risk. This study investigated the use of previously described Anopheles gambiae-based anti-salivary biomarker, anti-gSG6-P1, as a serological marker for Anopheles exposure, and examined key entomological, human, and environmental risk factors in Sisaket Province, Thailand. Blood samples were collected via finger prick from the same set of 184 participants across three seasons: rainy (August 2022), cool-dry (December 2022), and hot-dry (April 2023). Anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels were quantified using ELISA. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data revealed that seasonality exerted the strongest influence on anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels, which was likely driven by human activities, particularly the frequency of rubber tapping activity in the areas where Anopheles dirus is present. A higher frequency of rubber plot entry (5–7 days/week) significantly increased anti-gSG6-P1 IgG responses (1.08 ± 0.36) compared with the lower frequency group (0–4 days/week) (0.96 ± 0.35). Furthermore, our findings revealed the complex interplay between anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels and the seasonality of human behavioral and vector dynamics. These factors highlight key limitations of the anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker in the Greater Mekong Subregion, particularly the lack of well-characterized anti-gSG6-P1 IgG serological response kinetics in regions where predominant vector species exhibit low salivary peptide homology to An. gambiae. These findings emphasize the need for new serological tools tailored to malaria vector species present in the Subregion to improve malaria risk assessment and strengthen vector control strategies.
Socioeconomic impact assessment of low vision and blindness on patients and households in Thailand
(2026-01-01) Chotikavanich S.; Phisalprapa P.; Kositamongkol C.; Choopong P.; Eiamsamarng A.; Muneesri P.; Yingyong R.; Nujoi W.; Dongngam S.; Jai-ai J.; Sarinak N.; Eksupapan E.; Sagan S.; Chotikavanich S.; Mahidol University
Clinical relevance: Services for patients with low vision and blindness aim to improve their well-being. This can be achieved by understanding the effects of vision loss on all aspects of life, thereby enabling clinicians to design appropriate rehabilitation models. Background: This study explored the socioeconomic impact of low vision and blindness, mainly due to untreatable bilateral eye diseases, on individuals and their households. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at a low-vision clinic, in which participants were interviewed regarding socioeconomic changes following visual impairment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of income reduction. Results: A total of 110 patients (mean age 51.4 ± 14.6 years) were enrolled. Retinitis pigmentosa was the leading cause of visual impairment (35.4%), followed by optic atrophy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Following vision loss, 41.8% of patients became unemployed. A significant occupational shift occurred, with many transitioning from professionals to having no occupation (p < 0.001). The primary monthly income of patients decreased significantly (p < 0.001), and the proportion of patients with no income increased (7.3–50.9%). Multivariable analysis showed significant associations between primary income reduction and age groups of 31–40 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 10.7, 95% CI: 1.2–96.0, p = 0.035), 51–60 years (AOR 8.4, 95% CI: 1.2–59.9, p = 0.034), and over 60 years (AOR 46.5, 95% CI: 4.8–445.6, p < 0.001). Although not significant, the income decline was greater in patients with poor visual acuity or large peripheral field loss than in those with central scotoma. Most patients had family caregivers who remained employed. Conclusion: Low vision and blindness due to incurable bilateral eye disease were associated with substantial income loss and transition out of paid employment, underscoring the need for integrated rehabilitation and social protection policies to address functional and socioeconomic needs.
Efficiency of Immunological Blood Biomarkers in Predicting Chemotherapy Response and Survival Outcome for Non-Targetable Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
(2026-01-01) Lumjiaktase P.; Kemawichanurat N.; Santiwiwas K.; Kuttiyod T.; Oranratnachai S.; Trachu N.; Monnamo N.; Khiewngam K.; Simmalee K.; Reungwetwattana T.; Lumjiaktase P.; Mahidol University
Purpose: Chemotherapy is the main therapy for non-targetable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, few biomarkers are currently available for predicting clinical outcomes and monitoring treatment response. Patients and Methods: The blood samples of 42 patients with non-targetable advanced NSCLC who received chemotherapy were collected before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy. The circulating immune cells and subpopulation Treg were investigated using flow cytometry, and human immune checkpoint biomarker levels were analysed by multiplex bead-based assay. Results: After selecting the effective biomarkers for survival analysis, high pre-chemotherapy sCD25 (≥499.52 pg/mL; 4.52 vs 14.98 months, p = 0.030) and post-chemotherapy (≥515.23 pg/mL; 3.90 vs 21.25 months, p = 0.004) were associated with poorer median progression-free survival (PFS). An increase in pre-chemotherapy neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (ratio ≥ 6.9; 5.15 vs 21.54 months, p = 0.008) and post-chemotherapy NLR (ratio ≥ 3.1; 10-month OS 50.35% vs 83.57%, p = 0.014) was correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). Moreover, increased pre-chemotherapy %NKT cells (≥6.8%) were linked to improved clinical benefit rate (CBR) (2.72 vs 3.97 months, p = 0.013), while higher post-chemotherapy %NK cells (≥23.1%) were associated with rapid overall response rate (ORR) at 4 months (82.05% vs 25%, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sCD25 and NLR show potential as indicators of PFS and OS, respectively. Additionally, pre-chemotherapy %NKT and post-chemotherapy %NK cells may provide insight into monitoring chemotherapy response. This pilot study identified potential candidate biomarkers for further investigation to confirm their clinical utility.
Determinants of insect repellent use to prevent dengue infection among travelers visiting Lipe island, Thailand: A cross-sectional survey
(2026-05-01) Sabookaew P.; Srikirin P.; Kitro A.; Hayeeyawa A.; Chamroonsawasdi K.; Sabookaew P.; Mahidol University
Background Dengue infection is a mosquito-borne disease affects many regions of the world, including Lipe islands that are popular tourist destinations with high Aedes larval density by house index. The Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is applied to determine relationships among knowledge, perception and preventive practice of dengue infection by using insect repellent among island travelers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among travelers aged 18 years or older between October 2024 and January 2025. The insect repellent use was obtained from self-reports during staying on the Lipe Island. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and logistic regression, with a significance level set at p-value <0.05. Results Among 419 respondents, 206 and 213 were Thais and international travelers. With a median age in each group as 35 and 32 years old respectively. The proportion of insect repellent use was 69.2%. The determinants influencing the use of insect repellent for Dengue prevention were international travelers (aOR: 3.151, 95%CI = 1.710-5.806), staying in Lipe Island for 6-7 days (aOR:4.941, 95%CI = 1.501-16.265), high perceived response efficacy (aOR: 2.004, 95%CI = 1.203-3.338), high perceived self-efficacy (aOR: 2.259, 95%CI = 1.377-3.706) and low perceived response cost (aOR = 1.712, 95%CI = 1.033-2.838), All factors were able to predict the preventive practices at 72%. Conclusion About two-thirds of travelers use insect repellent in the island. Improvement in perceive self-efficacy, response efficacy and response cost among this group can increase the efficacy of dengue prevention in the island setting.