Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
Postnatal Steroids in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Series—Part 3: Impacts on Growth, Neurodevelopment & Nutrition
(2026-04-01) Plessas-Azurduy P.; Garfinkle J.; Beltempo M.; Porraccio C.; Lapointe A.; Wazneh L.; Wutthigate P.; Spénard S.; Sbrocchi A.M.; Racine M.B.; Mawad W.; Cavallé-Garrido T.; Shalish W.; Sant’Anna G.; Altit G.; Plessas-Azurduy P.; Mahidol University
Background: Postnatal corticosteroids (CS) improve respiratory outcomes in preterm infants, but effects on growth and neurodevelopment remain incompletely understood. Methods: This third instalment of a narrative review series builds on physiologic principles to examine systemic CS consequences. Main Findings: We explore the interplay between growth restriction, hypoxia, and neurodevelopmental vulnerability, discussing brain imaging, metabolic disruptions, and HPA axis suppression. Conclusion: This review advocates for a holistic, physiology-informed approach to optimize outcomes by integrating nutritional vulnerability with cardiorespiratory status.
Preliminary Remarks on the New Edition of the Rasavāhinī
(2025-01-01) Bodhiprasiddhinand P.; Matsumura J.; Bodhiprasiddhinand P.; Mahidol University
This article discusses the need for a new and revised edition of the Rasavāhinī (Ras) composed by Vedeha Thera in Sri Lanka in the mid-thirteenth century. To this end, we discuss the current state of Ras research and key issues in the known editions, particularly the relationship with the Sinhala Saddharmālaṅkāraya (Sdhlk), written around the turn of the fourteenth to fifteenth century; and the Southeast Asian Ras manuscripts, which have not been sufficiently studied. Our study makes it clear that studying the Southeast Asian Ras manuscripts, in conjunction with Sdhlk, throw further light on the history of Ras transmission. We further propose new editorial principles that incorporate these materials, which we argue lead us closer to the text as intended by the original author.
Serum Proteomic Analysis Using Gel-Based Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reveals Differences Between Canine Oral Malignancies and Non-Malignant Conditions
(2026-05-01) Ploypetch S.; Roytrakul S.; Jaresitthikunchai J.; Phaonakrop N.; Suriyaphol G.; Ploypetch S.; Mahidol University
BACKGROUND: Canine oral cancers are difficult to manage due to complex biology and a lack of non-invasive biomarkers. Proteomic approaches, particularly gel-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS), have been used on tissue and saliva, but serum remains obscure despite its clinical accessibility and ability to reflect systemic disease. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated GeLC-MS/MS for serum proteomic profiling in canine oral malignancies, compared to benign and healthy conditions. METHODS: We analysed 62 serum samples from dogs with oral melanoma (OM, n = 28), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, n = 10), benign tumours (BN, n = 12) and controls (healthy/periodontitis, n = 12) using GeLC-MS/MS-based proteomics. RESULTS: Significant protein expression differences emerged across groups. In OM and OSCC, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) was upregulated, while ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 (OAZ3), centriolar coiled-coil protein 110 (CCP110), non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase 8 (NEK8), receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F (PTPRF) and interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) were downregulated. These proteins are linked to critical pathways, including insulin signalling, insulin resistance, adherens junctions and cell cycle regulation, highlighting their roles in cancer progression and showing potential interactions with common chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that GeLC-MS/MS-based serum proteomics can successfully identify candidate biomarkers for canine oral malignancies. The discovery of these protein signatures represents promising diagnostic and prognostic targets, with the potential to guide chemotherapeutic selection and improve clinical outcomes in dogs with oral cancer.
A village health worker intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in remote areas of armed conflict in Myanmar–results from a feasibility study in three villages
(2026-12-01) Ramachandran A.; Thwe S.M.; Win C.Z.; Htet N.L.; Myint S.K.; Mon Myint N.E.; Zaw N.T.; Goyal R.; Win Z.M.; Phyo Aung Z.Y.; Traill T.; Richards A.K.; Parmar P.; Ramachandran A.; Mahidol University
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in low-income countries and those affected by armed conflict, including Myanmar. Community health worker interventions can effectively address CVD risk factors in low-income countries but have not been tested among displaced populations in active conflict zones. Objectives: We conducted a feasibility study of a village health worker (VHW) care model to identify individuals at high CVD risk and deliver care in conflict-affected regions of Karen State, Myanmar. This study was conducted by an international non-governmental organization collaborating with a regional local health organization. Methods: Following a village census, trained VHWs and medics screened individuals age ≥ 40 for CVD risk factors in three villages. Eligible individuals had HTN, diabetes, calculated CVD risk > 10%, or history of heart attack or stroke, confirmed during a second visit 1–2 weeks later. VHWs visited households every 3–6 weeks for 2 months to monitor blood pressure, glucose, medication adherence/side effects, and deliver medic-prescribed medications. Feasibility evaluation centered on reach, adoption, and acceptability. Outcomes included CVD risk factor prevalence, recruitment and retention, medication initiation/adherence, changes in hypertension control, and adverse outcomes. VHW and medic focus group discussions and study participant interviews were conducted. Results: CVD teams screened 294 individuals, conducted confirmatory visits with 132, enrolled all 97 eligible participants, and completed two home visits with 94 patients. Several prescription errors were made, halting medication initiation; root cause analysis identified opportunities to improve pre-testing of electronic tools and strengthen clinician CVD training. The proportion of eligible participants receiving antihypertensive or statin medications increased from 23% to 56%. Among those with HTN, the proportion achieving blood pressure control < 140/90 mmHg increased from 22.9% to 65.7%. Qualitative assessment revealed support for the care model and opportunities to improve training and streamline clinical protocols. Conclusions: Our study suggests a VHW care model for CVD in remote villages in Myanmar experiencing armed conflict is feasible and can increase medication access. Opportunities exist to simplify CVD treatment guidelines and augment training and support of local providers. Findings informed a cluster randomized controlled trial to test the impact of a modified VHW care model on medication adherence, CVD risk, and cost. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06819839, retrospectively registered 27 October 2024.
The Effects of Home-Based Strengthening Calf Muscle Exercise Program with Graduated Compression Stockings on Disease Severity, Muscle and Joint Function, and Quality of Life Among People with Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2026-04-01) Sisayanarane K.; Chaiviboontham S.; Pokpalagon P.; Kittitirapong N.; Sonpee C.; Sisayanarane K.; Mahidol University
Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is characterized by venous dysfunction in the lower extremities, leading to increased venous pressure, edema, and reduced quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the additional effect of a structured home-based calf muscle strengthening exercise program when combined with standard compression therapy, by comparing disease severity, musculoskeletal function, and quality of life over time between patients receiving compression therapy alone and those receiving combined intervention. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 50 patients with CVI (CEAP C3–C5), who were assigned to an experimental group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 6, and week 12. Disease severity was measured using the Revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS), and swelling, muscle, and joint function were assessed using calf muscle strength and ankle range of motion. Quality of life outcomes were assessed using the chronic venous disease quality of life questionnaire (CIVIQ-20). Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. This trial was registered retrospectively at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: TCTR20260307002). Results: Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for disease severity (right leg: F = 81.562, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.630; left leg: F = 73.765, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.606), indicating greater improvement in the experimental group over time. Calf muscle strength significantly increased in the experimental group (right leg: F = 395.246, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.892; left leg: F = 87.278, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.645). Ankle range of motion also improved significantly (p < 0.001). Quality of life showed significant improvement with a group × time interaction effect (F = 66.104, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.579). Conclusions: A structured home-based calf muscle strengthening exercise program combined with compression therapy produced significant improvements in disease severity, musculoskeletal function, and quality of life over time, demonstrating an additive therapeutic effect in patients with CVI.