Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
Nutritional and metabolomic analysis of Selaginella argentea with in vitro and network pharmacology evidence of Alzheimer’s disease-preventive activity
(2026-06-01) Kittibunchakul S.; Inthachat W.; Sahasakul Y.; Boonjoong T.; Suttisansanee U.; Thangsiri S.; Pitchakarn P.; Temviriyanukul P.; Kemsawasd V.; Kittibunchakul S.; Mahidol University
A thorough nutritional and metabolomic analysis of the edible fern Selaginella argentea was conducted, using in vitro and network pharmacology evidence to determine its potential to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). S. argentea exhibited a high dietary fiber content (34.31 ± 0.38 g/100 g) and was particularly rich in β-carotene (4328.76 ± 69.41 µg/100 g), vitamin C (1152.72 ± 72.57 mg/100 g), and potassium (3090.73 ± 188.38 mg/100 g), as determined on a dry weight basis . Minimal fat and heavy metal contamination also corroborated its potential as a functional food. A sequential solvent extraction by polarity index generated an ethanolic fraction that contained large amounts of phenolic compounds, with high antioxidant activity primarily from flavonoids and phenolic acids. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated potential activity against AD-associated enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1), implying its neuroprotective activity. These actions were corroborated by network pharmacology analyses, with a range of metabolites related to AD-associated molecular targets, including cholinergic, amyloidogenic, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress pathways. Molecular docking also supported favorable binding of these flavonoids to cholinesterases and BACE-1. S. argentea showed promise as a candidate for functional foods, with nutritional analyses of targeted and non-targeted metabolomics supporting neurological health. In vitro bioactivity and bioinformatic modeling also provided a strong scientific foundation for the traditional use and future development of S. argentea products.
Macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles as emerging therapeutics in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
(2026-01-01) Ariyathanapong N.; Ploypradith K.; Kisara Yoshimura P.; Thedrattanawong C.; Wuestefeld T.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Jin T.; Mao L.; Fang R.H.; Lee Y.A.; Thamphiwatana S.D.; Ariyathanapong N.; Mahidol University
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major global health burden, with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) as a primary contributor through its promotion of persistent inflammation, fibrotic transformations, and increased cancer risk. Current therapeutic strategies remain inadequate due to poor pharmacokinetics and off-target toxicity, underscoring the need for more targeted and safer treatment options. Macrophages, as key components of the innate immune system, play a central role in liver homeostasis and inflammation, critically shape disease progression and thus represent a compelling therapeutic target. Advances in nanomedicine have led to the development of macrophage membrane–camouflaged nanoparticles (MMNPs), which offer immune-evasive and inflammation-targeting properties conferred by the macrophage membrane. Given the major involvement of macrophages throughout the course of CLD and the superior immunomodulatory properties of their membrane, MMNPs provide a promising and innovative strategy for CLD therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MASLD-associated CLD pathology with a particular focus on the role of macrophages in disease progression. It further explores the characteristics, function-ality, and liver-targeting modifications of MMNPs, highlighting their potential in modulating key pathways to remodel inflammatory environment and reverse liver fibrosis. Finally, existing challenges and future prospects of MMNP-based therapies are discussed, including strategies for enhancing therapeutic efficacy through combination approaches and bioengineering advancements.
Factors predicting fluid-free retina and complete polypoidal regression in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy eyes receiving 2-mg aflibercept treatments
(2026-01-01) Chaikitmongkol V.; Somkuna T.; Patikulsila D.; Ruamviboonsuk P.; Jirarattanasopa P.; Srisomboon T.; Narongchai C.; Ratanasukon M.; Bhurayanontachai P.; Kunavisarut P.; Watanachai N.; Choovuthayakorn J.; Chotcomwongse P.; Sangkaew A.; Ingviya T.; Bressler N.M.; Chaikitmongkol V.; Mahidol University
Purpose To determine predictive factors for fluid-free retina and complete polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) regression following 1-year aflibercept monotherapy in PCV. Methods Multicenter, retrospective cohort of treatment-naïve PCV eyes receiving 2-mg aflibercept treatments for 1 year from 2015 to 2018 collected demographic data, de-identified fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) images at baseline and 1-year of study eyes were graded to identify baseline features and outcomes. Results Of 100 study eyes, mean age [SD] was 63.8 [8] years; 100% were Thai patients. At 1 year, eighty-five eyes (85%) had fluid-free retina; 48 eyes (48%) had complete polypoidal regression. Multivariate analyses showed baseline OCT and ICGA features associated with 1-year outcomes: sharply-peaked PED with/without double-layer sign on OCT and smaller lesion size on ICGA (<1 disc diameter) were associated with fluid-free retina (OR 6.57; 95%CI 1.27–34.10, and OR 7.86; 95%CI 1.33–46.54, respectively). Multilobulated PED on OCT was associated with poor (20/200 or worse) final VA (OR 4.53; 95%CI 1.33–15.36). Smaller number (1−5) of polypoidal lesions on ICGA was associated with complete polypoidal regression (OR 4.87; 95%CI 1.44–16.43) Conclusion Results suggest baseline OCT and ICGA features could predict fluid-free retina and complete polypoidal regression following aflibercept monotherapy.
Economic Burden of Non-medicinal Poisoning From Healthcare Provider Perspective in 2020: A Prevalence-Based Cost-of-Illness Study in Thailand
(2026-01-01) Kywel M.H.; Khiaocharoen O.; Prasertworakul C.; Khattiyod T.; Youngkong S.; Riewpaiboon A.; Kywel M.H.; Mahidol University
Background: Between 2010 and 2019 in Thailand, hospital admissions due to toxic effects of non-medicinal substances (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision [ICD-10] codes: T51-T65) ranged from 59.78 to 87.47 per 100 000 population. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of non-medicinal poisoning from healthcare provider perspective, and identify factors associated with the costs in Thailand for the year 2020. Methods: This was a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study conducted from healthcare provider perspective, analysing data from five hospitals (four regional and one provincial) across the Central, North, and Northeast regions of Thailand. We included all patients diagnosed with non-medicinal poisoning (ICD-10 codes: T51-T65) during the fiscal year 2020. Direct medical costs were calculated from hospital databases, estimating the cost per outpatient/emergency visit and the cost per hospital admission. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting these costs. All total costs were converted to international dollar (Int$) for 2020. Results: A total of 3260 patients were included (2472 outpatient visits and 788 admissions). The mean age was 39 years, with 51% being male. The mean cost per outpatient visit was Int$ 47, and the mean cost per admission was Int$ 896. Key factors significantly associated with higher costs included patient type (outpatient vs admission), length of stay (LOS), age, insurance scheme, diagnosis group, and the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: This study provided critical, updated data that can inform health policy by emphasizing the economic burden of non-medicinal poisoning. These findings underscore the need for strengthening poisoning prevention and early intervention services and offer essential data for conducting future economic evaluation studies of relevant interventions in Thailand.
Predictive Models for Screening of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Surgical Patients
(2026-03-01) Siriussawakul A.; Suraarunsumrit P.; Srinonprasert V.; Somnuke P.; Limratana P.; Sura-amonrattana U.; Morkphrom E.; Pratumvinit B.; Tornsatitkul S.; Jiraphorncharas C.; Siriussawakul A.; Mahidol University
Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) substantially impacts the long-term quality of life of patients and caregivers. Early detection of POCD is essential. We devised quick vigilance screening models for application preoperatively (model one) and during the postoperative period (model two) to predict the development of early POCD (one week after surgery). Materials and Methods: We conducted a cohort study on patients aged ≥ 60 years undergoing cardiac or noncardiac surgeries. POCD was defined as a postoperative Montreal Cognitive Assessment decrease of ≥ two points from the baseline preoperative score. We stipulated that predictive factors should be simple and obtainable by health professionals or trained caregivers. Multivariate analysis results informed our selection of clinically significant variables for constructing the POCD predictive models. Results: Of the 465 patients in the final analysis, the early POCD incidence was 24.9%. The equation used for predictive model one was (1 x education level lower than high school) + (2 x ischemic heart disease) + (2 x warfarin) + (1.5 x frailty score of 3–5). The equation for model two was (-1 x IADL score) + (6 x isoflurane anesthesia) + (7 x any type of intraoperative blood transfusion). Both models displayed well-calibrated curves. The optimal cut-off values of model one and model two to discriminate between a high and low probability of POCD were 2 and 0, respectively. Conclusions: The preoperative and immediate postoperative POCD predictive models perform reliably. These models may effectively guide early POCD detection and risk modification in older surgical patients.