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Recent Submissions
Empowering healthcare students in online interprofessional learning through virtual reality educational technology: A randomised controlled cross-over trial
(2026-09-01) Chan S.L.; Fung J.T.C.; Wong M.S.; Lee J.J.; Chan E.Y.Y.; Cheng C.C.W.; Lo E.W.S.; Hao D.F.; Tse W.H.; Song H.J.; Wan W.H.; Hung C.K.S.; Sirirat S.i.; Kaewtip S.; Xia W.; Lin C.C.; Chan S.L.; Mahidol University
Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) equips healthcare students with collaborative skills essential for patient-centred care. However, fostering engagement in online IPE remains challenging, even as technological advancements enable cross-border learning. This study investigates the effects of virtual reality (VR)-enhanced education on interprofessional learning and student engagement within an online clinical environment. Methods: A randomised controlled cross-over trial was undertaken with 102 undergraduate healthcare students across universities in Hong Kong, Mainland China, South Korea, and Thailand. Participants experienced two online orthopaedic modules and were initially assigned to either the intervention group (Group A: VR-based learning) or the control group (Group B: traditional case-based learning). After a three-week washout period, groups switched modalities so every student experienced both approaches. Self-perceived interprofessional skills (SPICE-R), learner empowerment (LES), and online student engagement (OSE) were measured at baseline (T0), after module one (T1), and after module two (T2). Data were analysed using a linear mixed model that accounted for intervention group, time point, and individual differences. Results: At T1, both groups showed significant improvements in interprofessional skills, with Group A (VR) attaining higher scores (SPICE-R: 16.44; 95% CI: 14.07, 18.82; p < 0.001) compared to Group B (13.91; 95% CI: 11.52, 16.31; p < 0.001). Notably, VR learning produced significantly greater increases in online engagement (OSE: 5.65; 95% CI: 1.43, 9.87; p = 0.009) and learner empowerment (LES: 6.97; 95% CI: 1.44, 12.50; p = 0.014) versus case-based learning. At T2, following crossover, students who experienced VR first sustained higher interprofessional skill gains (d = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.00, 7.58; p = 0.001). Correlations between SPICE-R, OSE, and LES strengthened over time. Conclusions: VR-empowered educational technology significantly enhances interprofessional skills, learner empowerment, and online engagement in global healthcare education. VR integration offers a promising strategy for developing collaborative competencies in diverse, international cohorts. Tweetable abstract: Virtual Reality based educational technology enhances learner empowerment, student engagement, and interprofessional learning in online global healthcare education.
A repetitive nucleotide insertion in the rplV gene is associated with in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Rickettsia typhi
(2026-04-01) Phuklia W.; Chowongkomon K.; Padith K.; Phommasone K.; Mayxay M.; Richards A.L.; Batty E.M.; Robinson M.T.; Newton P.N.; White N.J.; Day N.P.J.; Ashley E.A.; Phuklia W.; Mahidol University
BACKGROUND: Murine typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, is a treatable febrile illness in Laos, where azithromycin treatment failure has been reported. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for Rickettsia spp. is challenging due to absence of resistant strains. We aimed to induce an azithromycin-resistant in R. typhi and investigate its genetic basis. METHODOLOGY: R. typhi Wilmington was cultured in azithromycin-containing media (R. typhiAZM), starting at a concentration of 0.0019 mg/L and gradually increased to 0.0625 mg/L. Resistant populations were selected up to 0.125 mg/L. MICs were determined using plaque assay and qPCR, and DNA sequencing was performed for rplD (L4), rplV (L22), and 23S rRNA domain V. Protein modeling of azithromycin-binding sites was conducted, and strain stability was assessed over 24 passages without azithromycin (R. typhi AZM (-)). RESULTS: MICs for wild type (R. typhiWT) and R. typhiAZM were 2 mg/L versus >16 mg/L (plaque assay) and 0.25 mg/L versus 8 mg/L (qPCR). A 15-nucleotides insertion (5'-AAAGGAAGAGCAACT-3') was found in the rplV of R. typhiAZM, but not other isolates. Protein modeling suggested the insertion extends the L22 loop, potentially affecting azithromycin binding site within the ribosomal exit tunnel. R. typhiAZM reverted to wild type MIC and genotype by 24 passages without azithromycin. R. typhiAZM exhibited an 8 -fold higher MIC than R. typhiWT. CONCLUSION: Repetitive insertion in rplV was associated with azithromycin resistance and may interfere with drug binding. R. typhiAZM was unstable without selective pressure. This approach may help generate resistant strains for assay validation. The role of rplV mutations in azithromycin susceptibility warrants further investigation.
Integrative taxonomy of Leptotrombidium species collected from murine hosts in Thailand with emphasis on L. deliense
(2026-01-01) Bunmee K.; Chaisiri K.; Thaenkham U.; Sriwichai P.; Ruangsittichai J.; Samung Y.; Dujardin J.P.; Sumruayphol S.; Bunmee K.; Mahidol University
Leptotrombidium chiggers (larval trombiculid mites) are medically important vectors of scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. We performed comparative genetic and morphometric analyses of four Leptotrombidium taxa (L. deliense, L. imphalum, L. turdicola, and Leptotrombidium cf. guzhangense), isolated from murine rodents from various localities across Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences using specimens of L. deliense from different geographical localities. Quantitative morphological variation was examined using linear measurements of the larval body (20 measurements), together with two geometric morphometric approaches applied to the scutum: an outline-based analysis of scutal contour and a landmark-based analysis of the seven scutal sensillar positions. Remarkably, geometric morphometric analyses of the scutum provided taxonomic resolution equivalent to traditional morphometry based on 20 linear measurements of the entire body. Morphometric analyses showed some concordance with genetic data but could not help definitively identify an unexpected genetic variation within L. deliense, as revealed by phylogenetic reconstruction. By integrating molecular phylogenetics with traditional and geometric morphometrics, we raised the working hypothesis of a cryptic species within the L. deliense taxon. Our approach offers an effective new framework for identification of Leptotrombidium spp. Our findings improve the identification of medically important chigger species and clarify genetic structuring within Leptotrombidium, and also enhance scrub typhus vector surveillance and control programmes.
Different Explicitness in Translations of Korean Feminist Literature: A Comparative Analysis of Kim Ji-young and Mother
(2026-01-01) Yaowapa P.; Phanthaphoommee N.; Yaowapa P.; Mahidol University
This study examines the English and Thai translations of two Korean literary works, Kim Ji-young, Born 1982 and Please Look After Mother. Using a feminist translation approach, the study found that the four versions employ most of the word choices, sentence modifications, explanations, and footnotes as feminist texualisation, but the translators for each of these novels do not fully adopt this feminist stance. Both the English and Thai translators of Mother portray women as enduringly difficult due to the presence of phallocentrism in their stories. Unlike Kim Ji-young, the Thai translator of Mother employed a more elaborate characterisation to elicit empathy from the reader by depicting the female main character’s great suffering. However, the Thai translators of Kim Ji-young used more footnotes to help readers understand the original’s sociocultural contexts. Some paratextual features, particularly in the Thai translations of Kim Ji-young appear to reflect the original intention of the writers, potentially reinforcing Korean perceptions of both feminist books. The paper also contends that specific translation procedures are indicative of the translators’ supportive ideological stance on the feminist movement, albeit at varying degrees of explicitness in the English and Thai translations.
Scammers’ roles and online fraud process: Perspectives of the elder victims in Thailand
(2026-01-01) Cheurprakobkit S.; Mulaphong D.; Kitcharoen P.; Visaetsilapanonta P.; Cheurprakobkit S.; Mahidol University
Although the literature on online scams reveals the richness of studies in many areas, research on the forms of scam and scammers’ roles during online scam engagement is rare. The current research fills this void by interviewing 15 elder victims of online scams about their experience. The findings show that online scams can be committed individually or as a team, and that the scam can be either victim-initiated contact or fraudster-initiated contact. The analysis of the data reveals four main roles of the scammers (persuader, supporters, manager, and financial person), each of which plays a different but supporting role in order to smoothly convince the victim that their scam is legitimate. The use of information technology (IT) was also found to be a part of the scam mechanism to control and manipulate the victim.