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Recent Submissions
Epidemiology and Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes of Family Staphylococcaceae in Musca domestica: Case Studies from Chicken Farm, Pig Farms, and Residential Areas in Southern Thailand
(2026-05-01) Sontigun N.; Thanawan N.; Fungwithaya P.; Sontigun N.; Mahidol University
The major Staphylococcaceae family is recognized as opportunistic pathogens colonizing human and animal skin, mucous membranes, and environments. Musca domestica, the house fly, plays a role in the transmission of AMR bacteria. This study focused on examining the epidemiology and antimicrobial-resistant genes of the family Staphylococcaceae in M. domestica through metagenomic analysis, using samples collected from three animal farms and two residential areas in southern Thailand. Fifty M. domestica were collected from five places surrounding Walailak University, including one chicken farm (CF1), two pig farms (PF2 and PF3), and two residential areas (H1 and H2). All samples were dispatched for analysis using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and analyzed using FastQC, MultiQC, FASTQ, MEGAHIT, QUAST, ABRicate, AMRFinderPlus, ResFinder, ARG-ANNOT, MEGARES, PlasmidFinder, VFDB, Kraken2, Krona and Python. Our findings describe the taxonomic composition of Staphylococcaceae taxa in M. domestica from different environments; the representation of the family Staphylococcaceae in CF1, PF2, PF3, H1, and H2 was recorded at 2%, 0.7%, 0.2%, 0.2%, and 2% of this phylum, respectively. The average populations discovered were Staphylococcus (37.4%), Mammaliicoccus (17.4%), and Macrococcus (10.3%), respectively. Trimethoprim-resistant genes (dfrG and dfrE) were found only in CF1, PF2, and H1. Interestingly, fosfomycin-resistant genes were found only in M. domestica within residential areas. Our findings pertain to the Staphylococcaceae population in M. domestica within residential areas, which exhibited varying multidrug-resistance genes, particularly those resistant to fosfomycin.
Integrative leaf–root metabolomics and root proteomics reveal proline-associated mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in RRIT 251 versus RRIM 600 rubber trees
(2026-05-01) Tantraphongsathon K.; Thanasuttanithi D.; Khamsuwan A.; Sooksaksun K.; Titioatchasai J.; Setsungnern A.; Treesubsuntorn C.; Papan P.; Krobthong S.; Yingchutrakul Y.; Kongsawadworakul P.; Tulyananda T.; Tantraphongsathon K.; Mahidol University
Drought stress represents an increasing constraint on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation under climate change. This study investigated drought responses in a grafted system, where contrasting scion genotypes (RRIM 600 and RRIT 251) systemically influence a shared, seedling-derived rootstock. An integrative framework combining metabolomics, root proteomics, and physiological measurements was applied under progressive soil moisture deficits (85%, 50%, and 30% field capacity). Multivariate analyses of metabolomic data revealed distinct clustering trends associated with drought severity and scion genotype, with more consistent responses observed in RRIT 251, particularly in the roots. Metabolic reprogramming was more pronounced in RRIT 251 roots, highlighted by the strong accumulation of proline, indicating osmoprotective responses. Root proteomics indicated differential stress-associated protein responses between scion types. RRIT 251 showed increased abundance of proteins related to redox regulation and membrane stability, including glutathione S-transferase (7.85-fold) and annexin (4.17-fold), whereas RRIM 600 exhibited a comparatively limited response. Physiological measurements supported these molecular findings, as RRIT 251 maintained higher Photosystem II efficiency and delayed leaf senescence under severe drought. Although based on a limited number of biological replicates, this integrative analysis suggests that RRIT 251 may promote a more coordinated root-associated drought response through scion-mediated systemic regulation. These findings highlight candidate molecular features for future validation and development of drought-resilient rubber tree cultivars.
Enhancing the Transparency–Temperature Trade-Off Through Spectral Engineering and Radiative Cooling
(2026-06-01) Gridtayawong P.; Kaewmanee T.; Benchaphanthawee W.; Phiriyasas V.; Ponghiransmith C.; Rueangsawang W.; Seriwattanachai C.; Sakata P.; Tangwiroon N.; Jittham T.; Phuphathanaphong N.; Wonganannont P.; Pinpapat T.; Waritanant T.; Tulyananda T.; Kanjanaboos P.; Gridtayawong P.; Mahidol University
Excess solar heat gain limits greenhouse productivity in tropical climates, where conventional polymer covers accumulate thermal energy and allow near-infrared (NIR) transmission. Here, we demonstrate a scalable multilayer greenhouse film that mitigates daytime heat stress through spectral management of solar radiation combined with radiative cooling. A TiO2-embedded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) scattering layer is laminated with ultraviolet (UV)–IR selective films to prevent excess heat while allowing appropriate photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission. Two configurations are designed to address crop-dependent light requirements: a higher-transmittance film (∼57% PAR) and a stronger heat-rejection film (∼37% PAR). The multilayer structures suppress NIR transmission (up to 80–92% rejection), reduce UV exposure, and exhibit near-unity emissivity within the 8–13 µm atmospheric window (ε¯ ≈ 0.99), enabling efficient radiative heat dissipation. Outdoor rooftop measurements under tropical sunlight demonstrate consistent daytime temperature reductions of 3–5°C compared with those of commercial greenhouse films; the PET-based laminate also provides high mechanical robustness (69–92 MPa tensile strength). These results establish spectral engineering as a practical strategy to manage the transparency–cooling trade-off for passive greenhouse cooling in hot climates.
Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Two Tertiary Hospitals in Thailand
(2026-05-01) Narachasima L.; Phokhaphan P.; Phornsiricharoenphant W.; Ruangchai W.; Palittapongarnpim P.; Kondo S.; Narachasima L.; Mahidol University
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major cause of healthcare-associated infections with substantial morbidity and mortality. Optimizing treatment and infection-control strategies is crucial to minimizing its spread in healthcare settings. Objective: To characterize MRSA isolates from two tertiary hospitals in Thailand, including Thammasat University Hospital (TU) and Songklanagarind Hospital (PSU) at the molecular level, and to identify clinical and microbiological factors associated with treatment failure. Materials and Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina MiSeq. SCCmecFinder, PubMLST, and spaTyper were used to determine SCCmec, MLST, and spa types, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with RaxML (54 samples). Vancomycin MICs were determined by the broth microdilution (BMD) method, and susceptibility data for other antibiotics (by disk diffusion method) were obtained from hospital medical records. Clinical and microbiological data were analyzed using STATA, version 17. The isolates and medical records were provided from both hospitals with official permission. Results: The predominant genotypes were SCCmec type IV, ST239, and t037, with CC8 being the most common clonal complex in both hospitals. Most isolates were vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA). However, a few heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) strains were detected. Isolates were highly susceptible to fusidic acid and linezolid but resistant to β-lactams, macrolides, and clindamycin. Pneumonia and acute kidney injury were independently associated with treatment failure. Conclusion: The findings revealed multiple genetic lineages and identified clinical and microbiological characteristics of MRSA-infected patients associated with treatment outcomes. These results highlight the need for prompt and appropriate therapy, continuous susceptibility surveillance, and rigorous infection-control measures to prevent the spread of MRSA. In addition, the phylogenetic tree provided valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships among the isolates, facilitating the identification of clonal lineages and transmission patterns, which are essential for infection control and epidemiological surveillance.
Incidence Trends and Severe in-Hospital Outcomes of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Nationwide Cohort Study
(2026-01-01) Wongjirattikarn R.; Chanprapaph K.; Rerknimitr P.; Chularojanamontri L.; Choonhakarn C.; Chaowattanapanit S.; Anutraungkool T.; Chaichaya N.; Julanon N.; Wongjirattikarn R.; Mahidol University
Contemporary population-based data on incidence trends and in-hospital outcomes of pemphigus vulgaris remain limited, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study aimed to characterize incidence patterns and identify factors associated with severe in-hospital outcomes. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using Thailand's national administrative health database from 2015 to 2024. Incident cases were defined using a two-year washout period. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were estimated, and temporal trends were evaluated using Poisson regression. Hospitalization analyses were restricted to index hospitalizations. Severe in-hospital outcomes were defined as a composite of in-hospital mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, or shock. Associations with severe in-hospital outcomes were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, with sensitivity analyses accounting for repeated admissions using generalized estimating equations. A total of 2 542 incident adult cases were identified, corresponding to a mean annual incidence of 6.03 per 1 000 000 population. Incidence increased over time (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.20; 95% CI 1.18–1.22), was higher with advancing age, and among females (female-to-male ratio 1.41:1). Increasing age-standardized incidence rates suggested that the temporal increase was not fully explained by population aging. This trend was accompanied by increasing annual hospitalizations. Among 1 537 index hospitalizations, 8.1% experienced severe in-hospital outcomes. Acute kidney injury, malnutrition, and infection were associated with severe in-hospital outcomes. In sensitivity analyses accounting for repeated admissions, advancing age and cardiovascular comorbidity were also associated with increased risk. Pemphigus vulgaris demonstrates a rising incidence beyond the effects of population aging, accompanied by increasing hospitalizations and a growing burden of severe in-hospital outcomes. These findings support early identification of high-risk patients and appropriate clinical management.