Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
Effectiveness of a Facilitator-Led Internet-Based Parent Management Training (Net PAMA Program) on Positive Parenting Skills Among Parents of Children Aged 7-12 Years: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Thailand
(2026-04-01) Kongamnuaisak K.; Pornnoppadol C.; Chanpen S.; Atsariyasing W.; Kongamnuaisak K.; Mahidol University
Objective: This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of a facilitator-led, internet-based parent training program (Net PAMA) in improving positive parenting skills among parents of children aged 7-12 years. Materials and Methods: The study involved 99 parent-child pairs, divided into an intervention group of 59 pairs and a control group of 40 pairs. Data were collected at three time points: before training, immediately after, and at a 3-month follow-up. The effectiveness of the training was measured using the Positive Parenting Scale (POPS), the Thai version of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17), and a pictorial self-esteem scale for children. Statistical data were analyzed using a linear-mixed model. Results: The study found no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in parent- or child-reported POPS scores at the 3-month follow-up. However, within the intervention group, both parent-reported (p < 0.001) and child-reported (p = 0.017) POPS scores significantly increased from baseline to the 3-month follow-up. Similarly, although between-group differences in PSC-17 scores were not significant, parent-reported PSC-17 scores in the intervention group decreased significantly from baseline (p = 0.002). Notably, children in the intervention group had significantly higher self-esteem scores than the control group at the 3-month follow-up (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The facilitator-led Net PAMA program was effective in enhancing child self-esteem but ineffective in increasing positive parenting skills and reducing child behavioral problems. Nevertheless, the results are promising and support further investigation with a larger sample size and more rigorous study design.
Distribution and Pathological Findings of Intracranial Atherosclerosis in Thai Postmortem Cases
(2026-04-01) Suphadamrong P.; Phuangphung P.; Suphadamrong P.; Mahidol University
Objective: To determine the distribution and pathological findings of intracranial atherosclerosis in Thai postmortem cases. Materials and Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on Thai postmortem cases aged 45 years or older. Sex, age, weight, height, and brain weight were recorded for each case. Intracranial atherosclerosis was assessed in 11 vessels of the Circle of Willis (CoW), including the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), middle cerebral arteries (MCA), internal carotid arteries (ICA), posterior cerebral arteries (PCA), basilar artery (BA) and vertebral arteries (VA), using histological examination. Grading of atherosclerotic plaques in each vessel was recorded. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and ordinal logistic regression were performed where appropriate. Results: A total of 97 Thai subjects were recruited, consisting of 47 female and 50 male subjects, with a mean age of 61.41 years. Brain weights in male subjects were significantly higher than those in female subjects (p < 0.001). Brain weights in both female and male subjects were negatively correlated with increasing age (p < 0.001). Early and advanced atherosclerotic plaques were most frequently detected in the ICA, followed by the BA and MCA, respectively. Using ordinal logistic regression, it was found that degrees of intracranial atherosclerosis in all vessels of the CoW significantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Intracranial atherosclerosis in Thai subjects was commonly detected in the ICA, followed by the BA and MCA, respectively. The degrees of atherosclerotic plaques in all studied vessels significantly increased with increasing age.
ClimatePolicyGen: A multi-agent framework for climate policy generation using multivariate and multimodal time series inputs
(2026-05-01) Poopradubsil T.; Thaipisutikul T.; Poopradubsil T.; Mahidol University
Effective climate policy formulation requires integrating multivariate, multi-view time-series data to develop actionable insights. However, existing approaches struggle with data synthesis, contextual alignment, and coherence in automated policy generation. This study introduces ClimatePolicyGen, a multi-agent framework leveraging large language models (LLMs) to automate climate policy development. The framework employs domain-specific agents to analyze environmental, socio-economic, and infrastructure trends, synthesizing structured policy recommendations. Experimental results demonstrate that ClimatePolicyGen surpasses baseline models, achieving a 12.3% improvement in coherence and an 18.7% increase in relevance, as validated by GEval and BERTScore. A case study on national climate strategies highlights its adaptability across diverse policy contexts. By enabling data-driven, adaptive, and region-specific policymaking, ClimatePolicyGen enhances global climate resilience and provides a foundation for data-driven policy drafting, with results validated through automated metrics as a first step toward practical deployment.
Multiplex real-time PCR with high-resolution melting analysis for rapid identification of carbapenem and colistin resistance genes in clinical Enterobacterales isolates
(2026-12-01) Luk-In S.; Phopin K.; Bangmuangngam S.; Chatsuwan T.; Wannigama D.L.; Shein A.M.S.; Lawung R.; Tantimongcolwat T.; Luk-In S.; Mahidol University
Conventional susceptibility testing requires 18–48 h and often delays therapy, whereas existing molecular assays are costly and limited. Real-time PCR’s ubiquity in hospitals offers a rapid multiplex screening platform. We established a single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay coupled with high-resolution melting analysis to detect seven resistance genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM, blaIMP, mcr-1, and mcr-3). Validated on 577 clinical Enterobacterales isolates and a standard strain, the assay exhibited distinct melt peaks for each target, with intra- and inter-run CVs < 0.1%. Compared with reference PCR, the assay offered overall sensitivity of 97.3%, the specificity of 99.5%, the PPV of 99.7%, and the NPV of 95.4%, yielding a kappa coefficient of 0.936 (95% CI 0.913–0.958) with “high concordance”. Codetection of the blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like genes improved the sensitivity from 82.7% to 92.9% when precision melt analysis software was used. The assay demonstrated good quantitative analytical performance, with efficiencies ranging from 91 to 114% (R2 = 0.96–0.99), and a minimum of 102 copies required to confidently detect all targets. In under 4 h, this cost-effective assay leverages existing platforms for comprehensive surveillance of carbapenem and colistin resistance, enabling timely antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
Unveiling a novel Neobacillus strain: Optimization, metabolomic, and genomic insights into polyvinyl chloride microplastic biodegradation
(2026-06-01) Choonut A.; Wongfaed N.; Poolpol A.; Jumpa T.; Boonlue S.; Wantala K.; Pinyakong O.; Reungsang A.; Plangklang P.; Sittijunda S.; Choonut A.; Mahidol University
Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) are persistent environmental contaminants requiring effective remediation strategies. This study investigated microbial-mediated biodegradation by isolating bacteria from landfill soil samples with prolonged plastic waste exposure. PVC microplastics (Mn ≈ 35,000 g/mol, Mw ≈ 62,000 g/mol) were used as the substrate. Two microbial consortia, CPVC-KKU2 and CPVC-KKU6, demonstrated acid and lipase production capabilities. Subsequent isolation yielded five bacterial strains, with Bacillus sp. PVCKKU2 and Neobacillus sp. PVCKKU3 exhibiting notable lipase activity. Under incubation conditions at 37 °C, PVCKKU2 and PVCKKU3 achieved 1.66 ± 0.17% and 7.04 ± 0.65% PVC-MP weight loss over 35 days, respectively, with PVCKKU3 demonstrating the highest degradation efficiency. Biochemical tests indicated nitrate reduction, arginine utilization, and glucose fermentation potential. FTIR revealed oxidative modifications, possible dechlorination, and polymer chain cleavage, while SEM confirmed surface deterioration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized conditions for PVC-MP biodegradation by PVCKKU3, predicting pH 7.7, ammonium nitrate 1.3 g/L, and PVC-MP 0.92% (w/v), resulting in 7.65% predicted degradation, validated experimentally at 8.07%. LC-MS metabolomic analysis revealed notable modulation of amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle intermediates, and glutathione pathways, with detection of key aliphatic and aromatic degradation intermediates. Whole-genome sequencing of PVCKKU3 revealed a genome size of 5.91 Mbp containing seven putative biosynthetic gene clusters. Comparative genomic analysis identified 12 unique gene clusters predicted to be associated with PVC degradation. These findings establish Neobacillus sp. PVCKKU3 as a promising candidate for PVC-MP bioremediation and provide genomic foundations for future enzyme-based remediation strategies.