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Recent Submissions
Training peer supporters in a single-centre medical school: a mixed-methods evaluation using Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level model
(2026-12-01) Bovornchutichai P.; Rojsirikulchai N.; Puapornpong P.; Pasuntaviroj N.; Piyawutthiseth P.; Thebraksa S.; Puranitee P.; Awirutworakul T.; Bovornchutichai P.; Mahidol University
Background: Medical students face high levels of psychological distress but often hesitate to seek formal support. Peer support programmes offer a student-centred approach to fostering well-being and resilience. This study examines the educational impact of the Ramathibodi Peer Support Programme (Rama PSP), a student-led initiative in Thailand, with a focus on the development of peer supporters. Method: Thirty-seven medical students across all six years participated in a 10-week training programme. A mixed-methods design was employed, guided by Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model of Training Evaluation. Quantitative data were collected using the mid- and end-course assessments, Rama PSP aptitude assessment, PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Qualitative data were obtained through post-training interviews and analysed using content analysis. Results: Peer supporters demonstrated self-reported significant improvements in key competencies, including clarifying questions, referrals and boundary-setting. No significant changes were observed in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 levels, consistent with the programme’s educational–not therapeutic–focus. Qualitative findings revealed substantial growth in self-awareness (96.2%), self-esteem, self-management and social awareness. Peer supporters reported applying their skills in both formal and informal peer interactions. Conclusions: Rama PSP suggests that structured peer support training may be associated with perceived improvements in interpersonal competencies and developmental outcomes among medical students. By focusing on peer supporters, the programme may support professional identity formation and complement traditional curricula. Integrating such training could help foster empathy, resilience and a supportive learning environment; however, further research using objective measures is needed.
Parasitological efficacy of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Nampula, northern Mozambique
(2026-03-01) Bonnington C.; Sitoe M.; Pulido Tarquino I.A.; Enosse S.M.; Sararat C.; Suwannasin K.; Proux S.; Koesukwiwat U.; Tarning J.; Imwong M.; Theiss-Nyland K.; Nosten F.H.; White N.J.; Bonnington C.; Mahidol University
Background Deployment of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) for young children using monthly sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine (SPAQ) has recently been extended to Central and East Africa. Methods A pilot pharmacometric assessment was nested within a larger deployment of SMC in a high malaria transmission area in northern Mozambique. SPAQ was given to 460 healthy children in two large villages. Simultaneous filter-paper blood spot malaria quantitative PCRs, blood slide microscopy and antimalarial drug measurements were taken before, then 7 and 28 d after first SPAQ administration. Results After SPAQ, parasitaemia prevalence decreased from 68% to 41%. Among children followed successfully for 28 d, malaria parasitaemia prevalence declined from 71% to 44%. Preventive efficacy was 97% for Plasmodium ovale and 42% for Plasmodium falciparum. Reinfections (N=50 with sufficient DNA for genotyping) and recrudescences (N=3) often grew through high concentrations of desethylamodiaquine, yet all 250 P. falciparum isolates genotyped were Pfcrt 76K, a molecular marker of 4-aminoquinoline susceptibility. One-third (21/64) of microscopy-detectable breakthrough P. falciparum infections had patent gametocytaemia. There was a clear chemoprevention exposure–response relationship evident for desethylamodiaquine, but not for sulphadoxine or pyrimethamine. Conclusions In Nampula, northern Mozambique, amodiaquine had low parasitological efficacy and sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine did not contribute significantly to chemoprevention.
Standardized Omics at a Global Scale: A Perspective on Barriers, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned
(2026-03-03) Odenkirk M.T.; Amponsah E.A.; Anim A.; Chaura J.; Read M.L.; Shah S.; Koroijiuta J.; Chimasangkanan J.; de la Parra J.; Ahmed S.; Prenni J.E.; Odenkirk M.T.; Mahidol University
Omics science has expanded rapidly with innovations in analytical chemistry and data science, yet equitable global participation remains limited by uneven access to infrastructure, training, and additional complex barriers. Recognition of the value and necessity of large, comparable datasets has motivated community-wide efforts to build consensus, develop open-source resources, and promote methodological standardization. One such initiative, The Periodic Table of Food Initiative (PTFI), recently distributed standardized workflows for food analysis to 19 international partner laboratories. Here, we share stories and lessons learned from the initial dissemination of these methods, highlighting obstacles encountered across global laboratories. Specifically, we document widespread logistical challenges, ranging from instrument procurement to routine operation, faced by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These barriers highlight stark contrasts in scientific infrastructure. For example, common reagent shipments averaged 4.25 days in high-income countries (HICs, four responses) compared to 65.6 days in LMICs (six responses), a staggering 1444% increase. Equally important, our findings reveal key drivers of laboratory adoption of standardized omics, which directly influence the long-term viability of global omics initiatives. As omics science continues to evolve, the community faces both opportunities and responsibilities to develop globally accessible, end-to-end workflows that support the generation of harmonious data. By sharing these stories, we aim to raise awareness of the challenges and opportunities inherent in global standardization efforts, emphasizing that democratizing omics and sustaining such initiatives will require collective commitment from the international scientific community.
Spatiotemporal epidemiology and associated risk factors of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in Indonesia 2017–2022: a nationwide space-time hierarchical analysis
(2026-12-01) Farkhan A.; Pakasi T.T.; Sulistyo S.; Salsabila A.; James Maude R.; Rotejanaprasert C.; Farkhan A.; Mahidol University
Background: Indonesia is the second-highest contributor to global tuberculosis (TB) cases, accounting for 10% of the total. While previous studies have explored TB patterns in specific regions, a comprehensive nationwide analysis at a fine spatial scale is lacking. This study investigated spatiotemporal patterns of TB incidence and mortality, identified geographical hotspots, and examined their association with risk factors to inform public health policy. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed notified TB cases and deaths during treatment from Indonesia’s National Tuberculosis Surveillance System across 514 districts between 2017 and 2022. Spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical modeling was employed to identify high-risk areas and assess associations with potential risk factors. The best-fitting model was determined by evaluating various spatial and temporal random effect structures and likelihood assumptions. Results: TB incidence fluctuated with a trough during the COVID-19 pandemic and an overall increase, while mortality increased over time. Incidence hotspots clustered in urbanized areas, while mortality hotspots were scattered across the country. The best-fitting model to estimate risk factors for both outcomes was Poisson likelihood. This indicated that TB incidence was spatiotemporally positively linked to better healthcare access (RR: 1.016; 95% CI: 1.007–1.025) and higher municipal human development index (MHDI, RR: 1.062; 95% CI: 1.049–1.075). Mortality was associated with low treatment coverage (RR: 0.610; 95% CI: 0.552–0.674) and success rates (RR: 0.595; 95% CI: 0.491–0.721). Conclusions: Fluctuating TB incidence, hotspots concentrated in urbanized areas with better healthcare access and higher MHDI as well as increasing mortality linked to poor treatment outcomes underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to expand access to care, improve treatment adherence, and address the socioeconomic disparities driving TB mortality.
Pleiotropic Effects of 3-O-Decanoylquercetin on U373-MG Human Glioma Cell Line
(2026-02-01) Dell’Albani P.; La Cognata V.; Torrisi S.A.; De Gaetano A.; Foti M.C.; Dell’Albani P.; Mahidol University
Gliomas are among the most challenging brain tumors to treat, owing to their marked heterogeneity and the aberrant signaling networks that sustain tumor growth and resistance to therapy. Quercetin, a dietary flavonoid widely found in fruit and vegetables, exhibits documented anticancer activity, prompting the development of optimized derivatives with improved biological potency. In earlier work, we synthesized and evaluated a series of quercetin derivatives and identified the acylated compound 3-O-decanoylquercetin (Q-3-Dec) as particularly effective in reducing glioma cell viability. In this study, we explored Q-3-Dec as a multi-target agent, which concomitantly impairs NF-κB/STAT3-dependent survival signaling, mitochondrial function, and O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) expression, a DNA repair enzyme closely associated with chemoresistance, in glioma cells. In U373-MG glioma cells, treatment with 50 μM Q-3-Dec triggered pronounced, time-dependent morphological changes and an early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 3 h. With prolonged exposure, Q-3-Dec markedly decreased NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and survivin, alongside a significant decrease in MGMT levels. These combined effects culminated in a progressive increase in cell death, reaching approximately 30% after 48 h. Together, these findings position Q-3-Dec as a multi-node modulator of glioma survival, supporting its potential for further preclinical development to improve future therapeutic strategies against glioma.