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Recent Submissions
A Systemic Approach to Chest Radiographic Assessment in Mycobacterium tuberculosisInfected Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
(2025-11-01) Kemthong T.; Kaewparuehaschai M.; Noradechanon K.; Kongrod K.; Meesawat S.; Warit S.; Srilohasin P.; Chaiprasert A.; Malaivijitnond S.; Kemthong T.; Mahidol University
This study aimed to establish a comprehensive and accurate numerical chest X-ray radiograph (CXR) scoring system in cynomolgus macaques by using image intensity values from healthy, tuberculosis (TB)-free animals as references. The CXRs were obtained in both dorsoventral and lateral postures from 90 macaques and viewed by the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software version 2023.1. The mean and maximum intensity values were analyzed and showed significant differences between sex (male and female) and age class (juvenile and subadult/adult), varying based on body sizes. The cutoff values were, therefore, set separately and were tested for accuracy in detecting TB status in 18 naturally Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques, which were assessed for active tuberculosis infection (ATBI) using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra at least once during a 12-month follow-up. Only the cutoff values of maximum lateral image intensity (MLIs) correctly identified TB infection in 100% of cases. Thus, the MLIs were selected to follow up on the development of TB lesions in those 18 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques. The lateral digital radiograph was divided further into 9 areas, and the MLIs can predict the progression of TB lesions, which were most likely located in the dorsal part of the cranial lung lobe between thoracic vertebrae 1 (T1) to T4. Finally, the CXR results of another group of 8 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-exposed macaques, whose TB status was either uninfected, latent, or ATBI, were compared between a blind test by an expert radiologist and our established CXR scoring system. The blind test results showed 62.5% (5/8) agreement with our scoring system. This suggests that the CXR-MLI scoring system can be used as a supplementary tool for TB diagnosis in cynomolgus macaques.
Ventilatory parameters during emergency department–based CPR and exploratory associations with return of spontaneous circulation
(2026-03-01) Sukeewong K.; Pansiritanachot W.; Riyapan S.; Chakorn T.; Monsomboon A.; Praphruetkit N.; Surabenjawong U.; Nakornchai T.; Chaisirin W.; Sukeewong K.; Mahidol University
Background Evidence guiding ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in humans remains limited, particularly in real-world emergency department (ED) settings. Existing recommendations are largely derived from animal studies and controlled environments, and how ventilation is delivered during ED-based CPR has not been well characterized. Methods This single-center prospective observational study described ventilation practices during ED-based CPR in adult patients with non-traumatic cardiac arrest who underwent endotracheal intubation. Minute ventilation, ventilation volume, and ventilation rate were measured using a flow sensor attached after ED arrival. Ventilatory parameters were summarized as patient-level averages during the recorded CPR period and compared between patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and those who did not. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore potential associations with ROSC. Results Among 100 included patients, 49 (49%) achieved ROSC. Median patient-average ventilation rate (19 [15–28] vs 18 [13–28] breaths/min; p = 0.35), ventilation volume (313 [263.5–416] vs 359 [300–428] ml; p = 0.48), and minute ventilation (7.2 [5.1–9.3] vs 6.7 [4.5–9.7] L/min; p = 0.91) were similar between ROSC and No ROSC groups. In exploratory multivariate analysis, minute ventilation within a moderate range of 5–8 L/min was associated with ROSC (adjusted odds ratio 2.52, 95%CI 1.03–6.15). Conclusion Ventilation practices during ED-based CPR showed substantial variability and frequently deviated from guideline-recommended targets. While exploratory analyses suggested a potential association between moderate minute ventilation and ROSC, these findings are descriptive and hypothesis-generating. Further studies with predefined ventilation targets and time-dependent analyses are required to clarify optimal ventilation strategies during CPR.
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of geometry-dependent doxorubicin loading onto cerium oxide nanoparticles via van der Waals interaction modeling
(2026-12-01) Sripaturad P.; Keo S.; Wongpan A.; Siri W.; Tana-atsawapon N.; Luksirikul P.; Katewongsa K.; Baowan D.; Sripaturad P.; Mahidol University
We employed a combined experimental and analytical approach to investigate the influence of nanoparticle geometry on the loading efficiency of doxorubicin (DOX) onto nanoparticles. Experimentally, three distinct shapes, spherical, sheet, and cylindrical, were synthesized, characterized, and their respective DOX loading efficiencies were measured. Concurrently, analytical mathematical models were developed to calculate the van der Waals (vdW) interaction energy between a spherical DOX molecule and each nanoparticle geometry, considering both theoretical loading and surface adsorption scenarios. The model successfully predicted the relative thermodynamic stability by yielding high and similar binding energies for the spherical and sheet geometries, which aligned well with their high experimental loading efficiencies. However, a significant quantitative discrepancy arose with the cylindrical shape, where the predicted binding energy did not correspond to the high experimental loading efficiency. This divergence powerfully demonstrates that a simple vacuum-based vdW model is fundamentally insufficient to fully capture the complexity of the drug-nanoparticle interaction. Despite this limitation, the synergy between experimental validation and theoretical modeling provides a critical framework for understanding the geometric dependence of drug-nanoparticle interactions and guides future model refinement toward incorporating the complexity of the nano-bio interface.
Unveiling melatonin's multifaceted actions against ferroptotic neurotoxicity in ischemic stroke
(2026-06-01) Boonmag S.; Reiter R.J.; Govitrapong P.; Boonmag S.; Mahidol University
Ferroptosis, an iron-mediated form of programmed cell death, is increasingly recognized for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, with relevance to ischemic stroke, a condition that creates a permissive environment for this process. The prevalence of ischemic stroke is steadily increasing, with its mortality rates rising startlingly in recent years. The urgency of timely intervention is of utmost importance, as failure to treat patients within the narrow therapeutic window often results in severe neurological damage, including severe paralysis or mortality. The pathology of ischemic stroke has been investigated to identify the underlying mechanism and determine efficient therapeutic strategies. Melatonin, a functionally versatile natural indoleamine, has shown promise in deferring neurodegenerative processes, including those associated with stroke. Melatonin exerts pleiotropic biological roles, including being a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, iron chelator, neuroprotector, promoter of neurogenesis, and immune modulator. Recent studies on melatonin have also identified its efficacy in mitigating key events of ferroptosis, introducing it as an anti-ferroptosis agent. Herein, we highlight the prevailing concept of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, with emphasis on the emerging significance of ferroptotic neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we discussed recent research on the application of melatonin as a remedial intervention for ischemic stroke associated with ferroptosis.
A multibiometric system based on finger photo and palm photo
(2026-02-01) Khodadoust J.; Monroy R.; Medina-Pérez M.A.; Kusakunniran W.; Khodadoust A.M.; Khodadoust J.; Mahidol University
Recognition of finger photos and palm photos is an emerging area in biometrics, primarily leveraging textural attributes for authentication. Limited efforts have explored the application of deep neural networks (DNNs) for finger photo minutiae extraction, while palm photo minutiae extraction remains challenging due to issues such as blurriness and creases, which can lead to false minutiae. In this paper, we introduce a generative adversarial network (GAN) that utilizes frequency-domain patches to deblur and enhance image quality, effectively addressing both deblurring and crease removal. Furthermore, we present a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for minutiae extraction from enhanced patches, alongside a model for singular point (SP) detection. Additionally, we propose a score-based multibiometric system that seamlessly integrates palm and finger photos without the need for score normalization. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted extensive experiments on a database comprising 30,000 hand photos from 2,500 volunteers, as well as a smaller dataset of 2,400 hand photos from 200 volunteers for cross-database evaluation. Our results demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of our models and establish the superiority of our multibiometric system over state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.