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Recent Submissions
Simplified Point-of-Care Testing for Human Pythiosis: Development of a Whole-Blood-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay
(2026-03-01) Szekely J.; Saelai K.; Youngchim S.; Chongkae S.; Chanchay P.; Rakchang W.; Rattanaphan P.; Kositpantawong N.; Szekely J.; Mahidol University
Background/Objectives: Human pythiosis, caused by Pythium insidiosum, is associated with severe morbidity and high mortality when diagnosis is delayed. Culture-based diagnosis is time-consuming and may be insensitive in clinical specimens, highlighting the need for rapid point-of-care serodiagnostic tools. Here, we developed and clinically evaluated the Anti-Pin Antibody Test Strip, a whole-blood-compatible lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for detecting anti-P. insidiosum antibodies. Methods: Secretory protein antigens of P. insidiosum were prepared and conjugated to gold nanoparticles for LFIA development. Analytical performance was assessed by determining the limit of detection (LOD) using serial dilutions of pythiosis serum and by evaluating cross-reactivity with sera from patients with other infections. Interference testing examined common anticoagulants and adverse sample conditions (hemolysis, lipidemia, and icterus). Clinical performance was evaluated using 258 serum samples, comprising 48 pythiosis-positive and 210 pythiosis-negative specimens confirmed by immunoblotting and/or culture. Test results were read at 5 min. Results: The assay LOD was a serum titer of 1:1000. No cross-reactivity was observed across the tested infectious and immunologic panels, and no interference was detected from anticoagulants or adverse sample conditions. Whole-blood testing showed no red blood cell interference. In clinical evaluation, sensitivity was 100.00% (48/48), specificity was 95.24% (200/210), and accuracy was 96.12%, with a PPV of 82.76% and an NPV of 100.00%. Conclusions: The Anti-Pin Antibody Test Strip provides rapid (5 min), operationally simple serodiagnosis and may support screening/triage of suspected pythiosis, particularly where laboratory methods are limited.
Osteoprotective effects of partially defatted house cricket (Acheta domesticus) powder in spontaneously hypertensive rats
(2026-05-01) Tudpor K.; Wongprachum K.; Nilkamheang T.; Namyota C.; Toontom N.; Nghiep L.K.; Chaimongkolnukul K.; Chantip S.; Choovattanapakorn N.; Suntornsaratoon P.; Wongdee K.; Teerapornpuntakit J.; Charoenphandhu N.; Siriamornpun S.; Tudpor K.; Mahidol University
Clinical evidence suggests that essential hypertension is linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory infiltration, which can complicate osteoporosis. Edible house crickets (Acheta domesticus) are novel functional foods rich in proteins, fat, dietary fibers, and micronutrients. This research investigated the effects of a partially defatted house cricket powder (PDCP) on bone microarchitecture and strength in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model. Fourteen female SHRs were divided into the experimental group receiving 300mg/kg/day PDCP and the control group receiving the vehicle for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was determined by the CODA® non-invasive blood pressure system. Femoral bone microarchitecture and strength were determined by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and three-point bending, respectively. Immune cells were counted using an automated machine. Results showed that in the control group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) at baseline (166.6±3.7 mmHg) increased to 182.4±4.7 mmHg (P=0.016). In contrast, the PDCP-treated group showed no significant change from baseline (168.1±3.9 mmHg) to post-intervention (176.9±5.6 mmHg) (P=0.156). PDCP had no effects on bone microarchitecture but improved bone strength. The post-intervention yield load (a proxy for strength) of the control group was 77.55±1.88N, compared to the PDCP-treated group of 83.58±1.26N (P<0.009). Similarly, post-intervention yield displacement was 307.72±29.78 in the control vs. 395.93±40.98 µm in the PDCP-treated group. White blood cell counts in the PDCP-treated group (7.91±0.27×103/µL) were significantly higher than those in the control (6.91±0.31×103/µL). Specifically, lymphocyte counts in the PDCP-treated group (6.66±0.22×103/µL) were significantly higher than those in the control (5.75±0.28×103/µL). In conclusion, the 4-week PDCP had osteoprotective effects, presumably mediated by dietary proteins and fibers that modulate immune-vascular homeostasis, thereby potentially mitigating immune system-related hypertension and bone mechanical impairment.
Serum peptidomic profiling and peptide mass fingerprinting reveal signatures associated with peroxisomal and mitochondrial pathways in MMVD-associated cardiorenal syndrome in dogs
(2026-05-01) Pichayapaiboon P.; Ploypetch S.; Sakcamduang W.; Roytrakul S.; Jaresitthikunchai J.; Phaonakrop N.; Trakoolchaisri W.; Buddhirongawatr R.; Pichayapaiboon P.; Mahidol University
Cardiorenal syndrome in dogs, particularly those with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD), involves complex neurohormonal interactions, yet molecular mechanisms linking heart and kidney dysfunction remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify serum peptide and protein signatures that differentiate disease stages and clarify pathophysiology. We hypothesized that alterations in the serum peptide mass fingerprint and protein profile would serve as sensitive biomarkers for kidney disease progression in MMVD-affected dogs. Dogs were classified into five groups following ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dog and IRIS Staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD): Healthy, MMVD Stage B1, MMVD Stage C without azotemia, MMVD Stage C with azotemia, and CKD IRIS Stage 2. Serum peptide profiling was performed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization – Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for peptide mass fingerprint analysis and Nanoscale Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for protein identification. MALDI-TOF MS effectively discriminated healthy dogs from diseased groups through discrete clustering in Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis plots. Proteomic profiling identified 100 statistically significant proteins, with a critical subset of shared proteins including Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14, Glutaredoxin-2, Creatine kinase mitochondrial 2, and Selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein identified between the MMVD C WAZ and CKD Stage 2 groups. These proteins are associated with the arginine and proline metabolism and peroxisome pathways, which were found to be influenced by standard medications such as pimobendan, furosemide, spironolactone, benazepril, and sildenafil. These findings reflect a systemic failure of cellular redox and energetic homeostasis driven by renin angiotensin aldosterone system activation and oxidative stress. The convergence of peroxisomal and mitochondrial dysfunction suggests a unifying mechanism for parallel cardiac and renal deterioration. These proteomic markers persist despite standard medical therapy, highlighting their potential as auxiliary tools for risk stratification and the monitoring of treatment efficacy in canine cardiorenal syndrome.
Maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation alters sow performance and milk metabolomic-lipidomic profiles and mitigates piglet diarrhea
(2026-09-01) Ruampatana J.; Settachaimongkon S.; Soodsaward N.; Chuaydamrong B.; Rukklang P.; Boonyasantisuk S.; Ratchatakajornkit S.; Yamsrikaew U.; Homyog K.; Kuabphimai R.; Vimuktalop L.; Suwimonteerabutr J.; Nuntapaitoon M.; Ruampatana J.; Mahidol University
Dietary zinc supplementation to piglets reduces diarrhea and improves growth, yet the effects of maternal zinc supplementation on milk and subsequent piglet performance remain unclear. This study evaluated the impact of maternal zinc supplementation on sow, piglet, and lactation performances. Thirty-six crossbred sows were randomized to CON (standard diet; n = 18) or TRT (standard diet supplemented with 1 g/sow/day of bis-glycinate bound zinc; n = 18) from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Sow and piglet performance were recorded. Blood was collected at farrowing to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA). Colostrum and milk (on days 3 and 10 of lactation) were analyzed for metabolomics and lipidomic profiles. No difference was observed in total number of piglets born, but the percentage of mummified fetuses was higher in TRT than in CON sows ( P = 0.030). The TRT sows exhibited greater relative backfat thickness loss during lactation ( P = 0.024) and higher serum MDA at farrowing ( P = 0.033). Piglets nursed by TRT sows tended toward higher colostrum intake ( P = 0.056), higher weight on day 21 ( P = 0.116), and lower diarrhea incidence on days 2, 4, 5, 15, and 21 ( P < 0.05; for all). In mature milk, TRT sows had higher contents of fat ( P = 0.023) and total solids ( P = 0.014), while lower lactose ( P = 0.028). Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of mature milk revealed significantly higher concentrations of O -acetylcarnitine, O -acetylcholine, sn ‑glycero-3-phosphocholine, creatine, uridine monophosphate, citrate, dimethylamine, arachidic acid, linolelaidic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and arachidonic acid in TRT. These compounds indicate shifts in energy and lipid metabolism and were positively associated with piglet growth. In conclusion, maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation was associated with changes in backfat thickness mobilization during lactation, and alterations in milk composition, thereby improving piglet performance.
Genomic signatures of dominant clones and evolutionary divergence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Thailand
(2026-05-01) Wiradiputra M.R.D.; Khuntayaporn P.; Thirapanmethee K.; Yasawong M.; Chomnawang M.T.; Wiradiputra M.R.D.; Mahidol University
The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is primarily driven by the expansion of two major international clones, IC1 and IC2, which have achieved widespread geographic distribution. Their success is further facilitated by the acquisition and dissemination of resistance determinants in healthcare settings. However, the evolutionary dynamics and genomic features of dominant clones in endemic settings such as Thailand remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, comparative genomic analyses were conducted on 650 A. baumannii genomes, including 38 newly sequenced CRAB isolates from tertiary hospitals across Thailand and 612 publicly available genomes, to examine lineage structure, resistome architecture and evolutionary trajectories. The dataset was dominated by ST2 (61.08%), followed by the emerging ST164 lineage (8.62%). Lineage-resolved analyses identified associations between STs and intrinsic resistance determinants, including enrichment of the AdeABC efflux component adeC and characteristic blaADC/blaOXA-51-like allelic combinations within dominant clones. Acquired resistance genes were widespread, with blaOXA-23-like carbapenemases predominating across lineages. Phylogenomic reconstruction showed that ST164 [international clone 11 (IC11)] occupies a distinct evolutionary position relative to established epidemic clones. Bayesian phylodynamic inference estimated a recent emergence of ST164 in Thailand around 2013-2014, with rapid initial clonal expansion followed by a period of relative population stability. Overall, this study reveals lineage-associated resistome features and distinct evolutionary trajectories among dominant and emerging A. baumannii lineages in Thailand, providing the value of genome-scale surveillance and lineage-resolved analyses for monitoring high-risk clones in endemic settings.