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Recent Submissions
Multiplex real-time PCR with high-resolution melting analysis for rapid identification of carbapenem and colistin resistance genes in clinical Enterobacterales isolates
(2026-12-01) Luk-In S.; Phopin K.; Bangmuangngam S.; Chatsuwan T.; Wannigama D.L.; Shein A.M.S.; Lawung R.; Tantimongcolwat T.; Luk-In S.; Mahidol University
Conventional susceptibility testing requires 18–48 h and often delays therapy, whereas existing molecular assays are costly and limited. Real-time PCR’s ubiquity in hospitals offers a rapid multiplex screening platform. We established a single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay coupled with high-resolution melting analysis to detect seven resistance genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM, blaIMP, mcr-1, and mcr-3). Validated on 577 clinical Enterobacterales isolates and a standard strain, the assay exhibited distinct melt peaks for each target, with intra- and inter-run CVs < 0.1%. Compared with reference PCR, the assay offered overall sensitivity of 97.3%, the specificity of 99.5%, the PPV of 99.7%, and the NPV of 95.4%, yielding a kappa coefficient of 0.936 (95% CI 0.913–0.958) with “high concordance”. Codetection of the blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like genes improved the sensitivity from 82.7% to 92.9% when precision melt analysis software was used. The assay demonstrated good quantitative analytical performance, with efficiencies ranging from 91 to 114% (R2 = 0.96–0.99), and a minimum of 102 copies required to confidently detect all targets. In under 4 h, this cost-effective assay leverages existing platforms for comprehensive surveillance of carbapenem and colistin resistance, enabling timely antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
Unveiling a novel Neobacillus strain: Optimization, metabolomic, and genomic insights into polyvinyl chloride microplastic biodegradation
(2026-06-01) Choonut A.; Wongfaed N.; Poolpol A.; Jumpa T.; Boonlue S.; Wantala K.; Pinyakong O.; Reungsang A.; Plangklang P.; Sittijunda S.; Choonut A.; Mahidol University
Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) are persistent environmental contaminants requiring effective remediation strategies. This study investigated microbial-mediated biodegradation by isolating bacteria from landfill soil samples with prolonged plastic waste exposure. PVC microplastics (Mn ≈ 35,000 g/mol, Mw ≈ 62,000 g/mol) were used as the substrate. Two microbial consortia, CPVC-KKU2 and CPVC-KKU6, demonstrated acid and lipase production capabilities. Subsequent isolation yielded five bacterial strains, with Bacillus sp. PVCKKU2 and Neobacillus sp. PVCKKU3 exhibiting notable lipase activity. Under incubation conditions at 37 °C, PVCKKU2 and PVCKKU3 achieved 1.66 ± 0.17% and 7.04 ± 0.65% PVC-MP weight loss over 35 days, respectively, with PVCKKU3 demonstrating the highest degradation efficiency. Biochemical tests indicated nitrate reduction, arginine utilization, and glucose fermentation potential. FTIR revealed oxidative modifications, possible dechlorination, and polymer chain cleavage, while SEM confirmed surface deterioration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized conditions for PVC-MP biodegradation by PVCKKU3, predicting pH 7.7, ammonium nitrate 1.3 g/L, and PVC-MP 0.92% (w/v), resulting in 7.65% predicted degradation, validated experimentally at 8.07%. LC-MS metabolomic analysis revealed notable modulation of amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle intermediates, and glutathione pathways, with detection of key aliphatic and aromatic degradation intermediates. Whole-genome sequencing of PVCKKU3 revealed a genome size of 5.91 Mbp containing seven putative biosynthetic gene clusters. Comparative genomic analysis identified 12 unique gene clusters predicted to be associated with PVC degradation. These findings establish Neobacillus sp. PVCKKU3 as a promising candidate for PVC-MP bioremediation and provide genomic foundations for future enzyme-based remediation strategies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-arsenical adulticide protocols using moxidectin and doxycycline for the treatment of adult heartworm infection in dogs
(2026-01-01) Santiwattanatarm T.; Sakcamduang W.; Kongkaew C.; Anothaisintawee T.; Taechikantaphat M.; Santiwattanatarm T.; Mahidol University
Non-arsenical protocols combining topically applied moxidectin with oral doxycycline (Moxi-Doxy) have shown adulticidal effects against Dirofilaria immitis, but recommendations across clinical guidelines remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the adulticidal efficacy and post-treatment complications of the Moxi-Doxy protocol for canine heartworm infection. Six bibliographic databases (CAB Abstracts, CNKI, Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Scopus) and six grey literature sources were searched from inception to November 2024. Comparative and pre-post (before-and-after-treatment) studies reporting efficacy or post-treatment complications were included. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE approach. Outcomes included antigen test results, adult worm counts, microfilaria numbers, and reported post-treatment complications. Fourteen studies involving 358 dogs, primarily with stage 1–2 heartworm disease, were included. The meta-analysis showed a time-dependent adulticidal effect of Moxi-Doxy. In comparative studies, antigen-negative conversion rates were similar to those of melarsomine from 9 months onward, with the highest certainty of evidence at 18 months. Across pre-post studies, the proportion of dogs achieving antigen-negative status increased progressively, reaching 99% by 12 months (95% confidence interval, CI: 99–100%; certainty of evidence, CoE: moderate). Microfilaria numbers declined rapidly after treatment. Complication outcomes were limited and variably reported. Topically applied moxidectin with oral doxycycline demonstrates a time-dependent adulticidal efficacy for stage 1–2 canine heartworm infection, appears to be well-tolerated, and may serve as a practical alternative in situations where melarsomine is unavailable or contraindicated. However, limited comparative data, heterogeneity, and risk of bias highlight the need for further high-quality randomized trials with long-term follow-up.
Deciphering the impact of SNAI1 gene on renal tubular cell proteome, nucleolar stress, ribosome biogenesis, senescence, DNA damage response, and focal adhesion dynamics
(2026-07-01) Kanlaya R.; Nonthawong K.; Suntivichaya M.; Yoodee S.; Thongboonkerd V.; Kanlaya R.; Mahidol University
Snail1, encoded by SNAI1 gene, is an essential protein that regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which leads to extracellular matrix accumulation and kidney fibrosis, but with unclear cellular and molecular mechanisms. This study compared the cellular proteome of SNAI1-overexpressed renal tubular cells with that of vector-control cells by label-free quantitative proteomics, followed by functional assessments using various assays. A total of 233 proteins showed significant changes in their levels by ectopic SNAI1 expression. Of these, immunoblotting confirmed the decreases in HSP60 and HSP70 and the increase in DDX1. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the top 10 transcription factors as key upstream regulators of the altered cellular proteome, and translational regulation, ribosome, cell cycle regulation, and cellular senescence were primarily associated with these altered proteins. Gene ontology enrichment showed that focal adhesion, the structure where cells maintain their interior-extracellular matrix interactions, was one of the major affected cellular components. Experimental validations demonstrated that SNAI1-overexpressed cells displayed increases in nucleophosmin, nucleolar organizer regions, cell size, granularity, p21, γH2AX, MMP-9 secretion, and paxillin expression, confirming the bioinformatic predictions. This study has broadened our knowledge of Snail1 functions beyond its established role as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulator. In addition to alterations in the cellular proteome, ectopic SNAI1 expression induced nucleolar stress, ribosome biogenesis, senescence, and DNA damage response in renal tubular cells. Moreover, Snail1 also affected the dynamics of focal adhesion, which is imperative for cell migration, by regulating paxillin expression. These findings may offer new therapeutic targets related to Snail1-dependent mechanisms for effective management of kidney fibrosis.
Corrigendum to “Contactless point-of-care detection of latent tuberculosis biomarker Hsp16.3 using a high-sensitivity magnetoimpedance biosensor” [Sens. Actuators: A 400 (2026) 117493]
(2026-01-01) Pornprom T.; Pakamwong B.; Sangswan J.; Punkvang A.; Thongdee P.; Suttisintong K.; Leanpolchareanchai J.; Hongmanee P.; Lumjiaktase P.; Chailapakul O.; Jampasa S.; Pungpo P.; Thiabgoh O.; Pornprom T.; Mahidol University
The authors regret The authors regret that the Acknowledgment section in the original article was incorrect. The correct Acknowledgment is provided below: This research was supported by Ubon Ratchathani University and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC). This research project is supported by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT): NRCT5-RGJ63020 to T. Pornprom. Chulalongkorn University, Walailak University, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University and National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency were gratefully acknowledged for supporting this research.