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Recent Submissions
Role of trigonelline, a bioactive alkaloid in coffee, for kidney stone prevention
(2024-01-01) Peerapen P.; Thongboonkerd V.; Peerapen P.; Mahidol University
Trigonelline is one of the major bioactive alkaloids in coffee. Beneficial effects of trigonelline have been widely reported in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. For the kidney, trigonelline exhibits several renoprotective effects, including antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic activities. In kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis), consumption of either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee is associated with the stone risk reduction. The beneficial role of trigonelline against kidney stone disease has been demonstrated in a number of in vivo and in vitro studies. For example, the antilithiatic effect of aqueous extract from fenugreek seeds (rich with trigonelline) has been demonstrated in rats with calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone induced by ethylene glycol. Such antilithiatic effect of trigonelline is most likely due to its inhibitory activities against CaOx crystallization, crystal growth, and crystal adhesion on renal tubular epithelial cells, all of which are the important processes for CaOx kidney stone formation.
Enacting postcolonial digital citizenship: Malay Muslim women, social media and the politics of (un)belonging to “Thainess”
(2026-01-01) Kirdnark T.; Kirdnark T.; Mahidol University
Although Malay Muslim women’s increasing role in the peace process in Thailand’s southern border provinces has become a subject of scholarly interest, their use of social media in activism remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, this paper examines how Malay Muslim women activists employ social media to strengthen their human rights advocacy, based on in-depth interviews with 10 women activists. The findings reveal that, given the highly securitized environment and the shortcomings of Thai mainstream media, social media provides an alternative civic space where Muslim women activists form a political subject, namely “pious online rights claimants.” This paper argues that this emerging social media practice contributes to the enactment of “postcolonial digital citizenship” which allows these women to contest the constructed category of Malay Muslims and Muslim women. Such intersectional contestations not only legitimize their political participation in the peace process, but also strategically manage the multifaceted boundaries of belonging as Malay Muslim women in the male-dominant sphere of the peace process and the enduring colonial notion of “Thainess.”
Epidemiology and Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes of Family Staphylococcaceae in Musca domestica: Case Studies from Chicken Farm, Pig Farms, and Residential Areas in Southern Thailand
(2026-05-01) Sontigun N.; Thanawan N.; Fungwithaya P.; Sontigun N.; Mahidol University
The major Staphylococcaceae family is recognized as opportunistic pathogens colonizing human and animal skin, mucous membranes, and environments. Musca domestica, the house fly, plays a role in the transmission of AMR bacteria. This study focused on examining the epidemiology and antimicrobial-resistant genes of the family Staphylococcaceae in M. domestica through metagenomic analysis, using samples collected from three animal farms and two residential areas in southern Thailand. Fifty M. domestica were collected from five places surrounding Walailak University, including one chicken farm (CF1), two pig farms (PF2 and PF3), and two residential areas (H1 and H2). All samples were dispatched for analysis using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and analyzed using FastQC, MultiQC, FASTQ, MEGAHIT, QUAST, ABRicate, AMRFinderPlus, ResFinder, ARG-ANNOT, MEGARES, PlasmidFinder, VFDB, Kraken2, Krona and Python. Our findings describe the taxonomic composition of Staphylococcaceae taxa in M. domestica from different environments; the representation of the family Staphylococcaceae in CF1, PF2, PF3, H1, and H2 was recorded at 2%, 0.7%, 0.2%, 0.2%, and 2% of this phylum, respectively. The average populations discovered were Staphylococcus (37.4%), Mammaliicoccus (17.4%), and Macrococcus (10.3%), respectively. Trimethoprim-resistant genes (dfrG and dfrE) were found only in CF1, PF2, and H1. Interestingly, fosfomycin-resistant genes were found only in M. domestica within residential areas. Our findings pertain to the Staphylococcaceae population in M. domestica within residential areas, which exhibited varying multidrug-resistance genes, particularly those resistant to fosfomycin.
Integrative leaf–root metabolomics and root proteomics reveal proline-associated mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in RRIT 251 versus RRIM 600 rubber trees
(2026-05-01) Tantraphongsathon K.; Thanasuttanithi D.; Khamsuwan A.; Sooksaksun K.; Titioatchasai J.; Setsungnern A.; Treesubsuntorn C.; Papan P.; Krobthong S.; Yingchutrakul Y.; Kongsawadworakul P.; Tulyananda T.; Tantraphongsathon K.; Mahidol University
Drought stress represents an increasing constraint on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation under climate change. This study investigated drought responses in a grafted system, where contrasting scion genotypes (RRIM 600 and RRIT 251) systemically influence a shared, seedling-derived rootstock. An integrative framework combining metabolomics, root proteomics, and physiological measurements was applied under progressive soil moisture deficits (85%, 50%, and 30% field capacity). Multivariate analyses of metabolomic data revealed distinct clustering trends associated with drought severity and scion genotype, with more consistent responses observed in RRIT 251, particularly in the roots. Metabolic reprogramming was more pronounced in RRIT 251 roots, highlighted by the strong accumulation of proline, indicating osmoprotective responses. Root proteomics indicated differential stress-associated protein responses between scion types. RRIT 251 showed increased abundance of proteins related to redox regulation and membrane stability, including glutathione S-transferase (7.85-fold) and annexin (4.17-fold), whereas RRIM 600 exhibited a comparatively limited response. Physiological measurements supported these molecular findings, as RRIT 251 maintained higher Photosystem II efficiency and delayed leaf senescence under severe drought. Although based on a limited number of biological replicates, this integrative analysis suggests that RRIT 251 may promote a more coordinated root-associated drought response through scion-mediated systemic regulation. These findings highlight candidate molecular features for future validation and development of drought-resilient rubber tree cultivars.
Enhancing the Transparency–Temperature Trade-Off Through Spectral Engineering and Radiative Cooling
(2026-06-01) Gridtayawong P.; Kaewmanee T.; Benchaphanthawee W.; Phiriyasas V.; Ponghiransmith C.; Rueangsawang W.; Seriwattanachai C.; Sakata P.; Tangwiroon N.; Jittham T.; Phuphathanaphong N.; Wonganannont P.; Pinpapat T.; Waritanant T.; Tulyananda T.; Kanjanaboos P.; Gridtayawong P.; Mahidol University
Excess solar heat gain limits greenhouse productivity in tropical climates, where conventional polymer covers accumulate thermal energy and allow near-infrared (NIR) transmission. Here, we demonstrate a scalable multilayer greenhouse film that mitigates daytime heat stress through spectral management of solar radiation combined with radiative cooling. A TiO2-embedded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) scattering layer is laminated with ultraviolet (UV)–IR selective films to prevent excess heat while allowing appropriate photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission. Two configurations are designed to address crop-dependent light requirements: a higher-transmittance film (∼57% PAR) and a stronger heat-rejection film (∼37% PAR). The multilayer structures suppress NIR transmission (up to 80–92% rejection), reduce UV exposure, and exhibit near-unity emissivity within the 8–13 µm atmospheric window (ε¯ ≈ 0.99), enabling efficient radiative heat dissipation. Outdoor rooftop measurements under tropical sunlight demonstrate consistent daytime temperature reductions of 3–5°C compared with those of commercial greenhouse films; the PET-based laminate also provides high mechanical robustness (69–92 MPa tensile strength). These results establish spectral engineering as a practical strategy to manage the transparency–cooling trade-off for passive greenhouse cooling in hot climates.