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Recent Submissions
Precise Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Spectrum above 0.1 PeV
(2026-03-27) Cao Z.; Aharonian F.; Bai Y.X.; Bao Y.W.; Bastieri D.; Bi X.J.; Bi Y.J.; Bian W.; Blunier J.; Bukevich A.V.; Cai C.M.; Cai Y.Y.; Cao W.Y.; Cao Z.; Chang J.; Chang J.F.; Chen E.S.; Chen G.H.; Chen H.K.; Chen L.F.; Chen L.; Chen L.; Chen M.J.; Chen M.L.; Chen Q.H.; Chen S.; Chen S.H.; Chen S.Z.; Chen T.L.; Chen X.B.; Chen X.J.; Chen X.P.; Chen Y.; Cheng N.; Cheng Q.Y.; Cheng Y.D.; Cui M.Y.; Cui S.W.; Cui X.H.; Cui Y.D.; Dai B.Z.; Dai H.L.; Dai Z.G.; Danzengluobu; Diao Y.X.; Dong A.J.; Dong X.Q.; Duan K.K.; Fan J.H.; Fan Y.Z.; Fang J.; Fang J.H.; Fang K.; Feng C.F.; Feng H.; Feng L.; Feng S.H.; Feng X.T.; Feng Y.; Feng Y.L.; Gabici S.; Gao B.; Gao Q.; Gao W.; Gao W.K.; Ge M.M.; Ge T.T.; Geng L.S.; Giacinti G.; Gong G.H.; Gou Q.B.; Gu M.H.; Guo F.L.; Guo J.; Guo K.J.; Guo X.L.; Guo Y.Q.; Guo Y.Y.; Han R.P.; Hannuksela O.A.; Hasan M.; He H.H.; He H.N.; He J.Y.; He X.Y.; He Y.; Hernández-Cadena S.; Hou B.W.; Hou C.; Hou X.; Hu H.B.; Hu S.C.; Huang C.; Huang D.H.; Huang J.J.; Huang X.L.; Huang X.T.; Huang X.Y.; Huang Y.; Huang Y.Y.; Cao Z.; Mahidol University
We report a measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum in the energy interval 0.16-13 PeV, derived by subtracting the proton spectrum from the light component (proton and helium) spectrum obtained with observations made by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) under a consistent energy scale. The helium spectrum shows a significant hardening centered at E≃1.1 PeV, followed by a softening at ∼7 PeV, indicating the appearance of a helium "knee." Comparing the proton and helium spectra in the LHAASO energy range reveals some remarkable facts. In the lower part of this range, in contrast to the behavior at lower energies, the helium spectrum is significantly softer than the proton spectrum. This results in protons overtaking helium nuclei and becoming the largest cosmic ray component at E≃0.7 PeV. A second crossing of the two spectra is observed at E≃5 PeV, above the proton knee, when helium nuclei overtake protons to become the largest cosmic ray component again. These results have important implications for our understanding of the Galactic cosmic ray sources.
Recovery and Expansion of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells After Long-term Cryopreservation
(2026-04-05) Khotchawan W.; Lorthongpanich C.; Kheolamai P.; Sathornsumetee S.; Issaragrisil S.; Khotchawan W.; Mahidol University
Patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells are valuable models for GBM research due to their rarity and the highly lethal nature of this cancer. Preserving these cells through long-term cryopreservation is therefore essential for advancing future investigations. However, recent studies have reported that standard cell recovery protocols are inefficient, resulting in poor cell survival and limited regrowth. Here, we established an optimized culture protocol that enhances the recovery and expansion of patient-derived GBM cells by combining Matrigel with an increased concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS). This approach significantly improves cell attachment and recovery after thawing cells that have been cryopreserved for more than a decade. Importantly, the recovered cells retain key phenotypic characteristics and remain suitable for downstream applications, including drug testing and spheroid formation. Together, this optimized protocol provides a novel strategy to increase the availability of patient-derived GBM cells by improving their efficient recovery from long-term cryopreservation, thereby maximizing their utility in GBM research.
The Asia-Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology Consensus Recommendations on the Management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Polyarticular Course JIA, Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis, Imaging, and Non-Pharmacologic Therapies
(2026-04-01) Arkachaisri T.; Teh K.L.; Vilaiyuk S.; Al-Mayouf S.M.; Tang S.P.; Miyamae T.; Ang E.Y.; Ziaee V.; Bagri N.K.; Balan S.; Bernal C.B.; Chan W.K.Y.; Charuvanij S.; Campbell-Stokes P.; Ho A.C.H.; Jagoda J.S.; James R.A.; Khaliq T.; Khan S.E.A.; Tee C.A.; Wu C.Y.; Asis C.M.; Asnaashari K.; Chan P.; Celindro-Chan M.C.M.; Choi N.G.U.; Collante M.T.; Huang J.; Lim S.C.; Lebrudo M.J.H.; Lerkvaleekul B.; Sontichai W.; Valmonte M.B.; Dans L.F.; Farman S.; Arkachaisri T.; Mahidol University
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common childhood rheumatic diseases. In the Asia-Pacific region, access to pediatric rheumatology services and therapies remains variable. To address regional disparities and promote evidence-based yet practical care, the APLAR developed consensus recommendations for the management of polyarticular-course JIA (pcJIA), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis, and non-pharmacologic interventions. Methods: A multidisciplinary task force of 34 members from 14 countries, including pediatric and adult rheumatologists and patient representatives, was convened. The guideline development followed the GRADE, ADAPTE, and AGREE II frameworks. Existing international guidelines were critically appraised, and a systematic literature review was performed to address 26 PICO questions. Draft statements were discussed and voted upon using a modified Delphi process, with consensus defined as ≥ 80% agreement. Results: Four overarching principles and 32 statements were finalized: 16 for pcJIA treatment, 10 for TMJ arthritis, 3 for non-pharmacologic therapies, 2 for imaging, and 1 for disease monitoring. Key recommendations that diverge from Western guidelines include: (1) stronger recommendation for methotrexate as initial therapy before biologic DMARDs; (2) explicit advocacy for TNF inhibitors, including biosimilars, when escalation is required; (3) cautious allowance of short-term systemic glucocorticoids where DMARDs are limited; (4) emphasis on treat-to-target using cJADAS-10; (5) stronger endorsement for physical and occupational therapy; and (6) conditional allowance of traditional and complementary medicine practices under professional supervision. Conclusion: These consensus statements provide regionally adapted, evidence-based recommendations to improve access, standardize management, and promote equitable care for patients with JIA across the Asia-Pacific region.
Vitamin D status and response to supplementation in very preterm infants: A prospective cohort study
(2026-01-01) Wasuanankun S.; Rattanachamnongk P.; Yangthara B.; Ngerncham S.; Kitsommart R.; Wutthigate P.; Wasuanankun S.; Mahidol University
Background: Very preterm infants are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency (VDD), which contributes to metabolic bone disease (MBD) and other morbidities. Despite guidelines, optimal dosing remains uncertain. We determined VDD incidence and evaluated 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] responses to varying vitamin D intakes during the first 8 weeks of life. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled infants born at <32 weeks’ gestation or birth weight <1500 g. Vitamin D supplementation followed institutional policy. Infants were categorized by total intake (parenteral plus enteral) during weeks 0–4: <400, 400–700, or >700 IU/kg/day. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at birth, 4, and 8 weeks. Biochemical markers and MBD screening were performed. VDD was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL and excess (VDE) as >100 ng/mL. Results: Among 126 infants (gestational age 30 [27, 31] weeks; birth weight 1230 [950, 1570] g), 94.3% had VDD at birth. At 4 weeks, VDD persisted in 17.8% receiving <400 IU/kg/day and 6.5% receiving 400–700 IU/kg/day; vitamin D excess (VDE) occurred in 3.3% and 3.2%, respectively. At 8 weeks, normal 25(OH)D was achieved in 90.1% receiving <400 IU/kg/day and 77.4% receiving 400–700 IU/kg/day, while VDE increased to 8.6% and 22.6%, respectively. Biochemical markers remained normal; only one infant developed MBD. Conclusions: VDD is highly prevalent at birth in very preterm infants. Daily intake <400 IU/kg generally normalizes vitamin D status by 8 weeks while minimizing risk of excessive vitamin D. Higher doses may provide no additional benefit and increase risk of exceeding 25(OH)D levels. Clinical trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry. Registration number TCTR20230725007. Web link: http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20230725007.
The influences of light conditions on the quality maintenance of potted Phalaenopsis orchids during simulated transport condition
(2026-07-01) Zou S.; Dai W.; Hu J.; Chen M.; Huang X.; Sriboonvorakul N.; Huang J.J.; Zheng B.; Lin S.; Zou S.; Mahidol University
This study evaluated the feasibility of introducing LED light to alleviate stress caused by prolonged darkness during simulated transport for potted Phalaenopsis orchids. Using complete darkness as a control, plants were exposed to blue and/or red LED light for 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days. Morphological assessments suggest that a combination of red and blue light outperformed monochromatic illumination for flower preservation. Follow-up experiments further revealed that red-blue light combination at 8:2 ratio showed the highest efficacy in maintaining photosynthetic performance, mitigating ROS and malondialdehyde accumulation, delaying lipid peroxidation, and improving petal water retention. Transcriptomic analysis further provided molecular insights into the beneficial role of blue/red light illumination in quality maintenance of potted Phalaenopsis orchids. Collectively, these findings suggest that the blue/red LED light supplementation may serve as a promising approach to mitigate dark-induced stress under controlled laboratory and static simulated conditions, though further validation under practical transportation environments is required.