Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
Correlation between clinical disease activity and interferon-γ autoantibody titers measured by inhibitory ELISA, and inflammatory biomarkers in adult-onset immunodeficiency associated with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies
(2026-03-01) Teepapan P.; Chungcharoenpanich A.; Pinyopornpanish K.; Oncham S.; Chantharit P.; Rotjanapan P.; Laisuan W.; Teepapan P.; Mahidol University
Background Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (Anti-IFN-γ AAbs) contribute to immunodeficiency and increase susceptibility to intracellular infections, particularly in adults. Measurement of anti-IFN-γ AAb titers using inhibitory ELISA is a valuable diagnostic tool for adult-onset immunodeficiency. However, the relationship between inhibitory ELISA titers, inflammatory biomarkers, and clinical disease activity remains unclear. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 69 blood samples from 39 patients with detectable anti-IFN-γ AAbs at Ramathibodi Hospital. Data collected included demographics, clinical disease activity, and laboratory biomarkers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and inhibitory ELISA titers. Disease activity was categorized as active or in remission based on clinical evaluation and the status of infection. Results The mean patient age was 58.38 ± 8.55 years, and 61.5% were female. Anti-IFN-γ AAb titers had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.893. A cut-off of 1:50,000 (50% inhibition) yielded 92.90% specificity in determining active disease status. Median titers were significantly higher in active disease (1:100,000, interquartile range [IQR]: 1:10,000–1:100,000) compared with remission (1:5,000, IQR: 1:5,000–1:10,000, p<0.001). Combining anti-IFN-γ AAb titers (≥ 1:50,000) with ESR (≥ 45 mm/hr), CRP (≥ 18 mg/dL), WBC (≥ 10,455 cells/µL), and IL-6 (≥ 16 pg/mL) further improved the prediction of disease activity (AUC=0.903, sensitivity=88.9%, specificity=91.7%). Conclusions High anti-IFN-γ AAb titers correlate with active disease, and inhibitory ELISA may aid in disease monitoring. Combining IFN-γ AAbs titers with inflammatory biomarkers may improve predictive accuracy.
Re-constructing “Chineseness” in the Frontiers of Statehood, Memory, and Territory: The Kuomintang Communities of Northern Thailand
(2025-01-01) Ohlendorf H.; Ohlendorf H.; Mahidol University
Diasporic identity is not merely inherited, but is actively constructed through memory, heritage, and negotiation with shifting geopolitical forces. Yet, little attention has been paid to how communities at the margins of statehood reimagine belonging through cultural memory. This study addresses that gap by examining a distinct Kuomintang diaspora community in Northern Thailand, where such identity work is particularly visible. It discusses the reconstruction of “Chineseness” in the small village of Mae Salong, which was founded by Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) soldiers fleeing the Chinese Civil War. The article examines how geopolitical events, cross-border migration, and memory have shaped this community’s identity at the frontiers of statehood and territory. Using theories of collective and cultural memory, the article analyzes key sites of memory, including the Chinese Martyrs’ Memorial and General Xi Duanwen’s tomb, to show how these communities have utilized memory and heritage to carve out new spaces of identity and belonging. The role of tourism in influencing these memory constructions is also emphasized, with a focus on how local traditions are displayed to meet tourists’ expectations. By analyzing how historical narratives and cultural practices are preserved, adapted, and reimagined in Mae Salong, this article offers insights into the broader dynamics of identity formation in Chinese diaspora communities.
THE SECOND RECORD OF A FIRETHROAT CALLIOPE PECTARDENS IN THAILAND
(2024-01-01) Round P.; Jearwattanakanok A.; Walser-Schwyzer P.; Khudamrongsawat J.; Round P.; Mahidol University
The second record of an apparently over-wintering Firethroat Calliope pectardens (Muscicapidae) in northern Thailand, a female, caught and ringed following its discovery, is documented. Reference is made to a previous Thai record of the Firethroat’s sister species, the Blackthroat C. obscura. Since the females of both species are very similar, the identity of the present individual was confirmed both by examination in the hand and by DNA assay. The importance of maintaining marginal lowland habitats, such as scrub and reeds along the banks of lowland watercourses and around field margins, so as to maintain biodiversity in intensively agricultural lowland landscapes, is discussed.
Molecular landscape of prostate cancers with clival metastases
(2026-04-01) Likasitwatanakul P.; Blinka S.M.; Zarka J.G.; Gebrael G.; Weg E.; Longoria O.; Moore J.A.; Sharp A.; De Bono J.; Sternberg C.N.; Agarwal N.; Swami U.; Orme J.J.; Schweizer M.T.; Sloan L.; Hwang J.H.; Antonarakis E.S.; Likasitwatanakul P.; Mahidol University
Background Clival metastases are a rare and clinically aggressive manifestation of advanced prostate cancer, associated with cranial nerve palsy and poor survival. The molecular features of prostate cancers giving rise to clivus metastases remain unknown. Patients and methods We performed a multi-center retrospective study across six institutions, identifying prostate cancer patients with radiographically confirmed clival metastases and available next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected. Genomic alterations from tissue- and/or blood-based assays were aggregated at the patient level and compared with a publicly available metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cohort (SU2C/PCF). Results Fifty-nine patients with clival metastases contributed 87 molecular assays. More than half of patients had Gleason grade group 5 cancer and presented with de novo metastatic (M1) disease. The median interval from initial prostate cancer diagnosis to clival metastasis was 71.4 months (95% CI, 42.0-101.7), while median overall survival following clival involvement was only 15.3 months (95% CI, 6.9-22.8). Compared with the SU2C/PCF mCRPC cohort, clival metastases showed significant enrichment of BRAF and CHEK2 alterations as well as homologous recombination repair (HRR) with relative depletion of AR-related, PI3K pathway, and G2–M pathway alterations. Conclusion Prostate cancers giving rise to clival metastases exhibit a distinct molecular profile enriched for DNA damage–repair and RAF kinase alterations, suggesting unique metastatic biology and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Human CD3 complex is required for the generation of T-cell receptor-like chimeric antigen receptor targeting WT1 in natural killer cells
(2026-04-01) Luanpitpong S.; Poohadsuan J.; Samart P.; Kang X.; Pratumkaew P.; Janan M.; Issaragrisil S.; Luanpitpong S.; Mahidol University
Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells represent a promising cellular immunotherapy platform for various cancers, offering a favorable clinical safety profile and potential to generate off-the-shelf products. However, broader application of CAR-NK cells is in part restricted by the availability of surface tumor antigens. T-cell receptor (TCR)-like CARs have gained increasing attention due to their ability to recognize peptides derived from intracellular tumor antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules. In the present study, we designed a third-generation CAR targeting WT1(126–134) peptide presented by HLA-A*02:01, harboring a TCR-like scFv linked to CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ signaling domains (CAR-WT1), and introduced it into human NK-92 cells—the only FDA-approved NK cell line for clinical trials. Interestingly, we found that surface expression of CAR-WT1 in NK-92 cells required the presence of human CD3 complex, as observed for full-length TCRs. Quantitative PCR and subsequent pathway and network analyses indicated enhanced immune activation potentially relevant to effector function in CAR-WT1/CD3 NK-92 cells. The established CAR-WT1/CD3 NK-92 cells exhibited significantly greater cytotoxicity against WT1+/HLA-A2+ target tumor cells than its non-transduced NK-92 cells, consistent with the release of functional cytokines. Once CAR-WT1 was expressed on NK-92 cell surface, surface CD3 appeared dispensable for NK cytotoxicity. Together, our findings provide evidence supporting the feasibility for generating functional TCR-like CAR-WT1 NK-92 cells, thereby broadening the scope of targetable antigens for CAR-NK cell therapy to include intracellular antigens. Other TCR-like CARs with impaired surface expression may be introduced in NK-92 cells using the same strategy, pending further validation.