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Recent Submissions
EnNRJ Vol. 17 No. 2
(2019)
Spatial Mapping of Stereoisomeric and Isobaric Alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Tissues by High-Resolution DESI-cIM-MS
(2025-12-02) Wisanpitayakorn P.; Konsue A.; Sartyoungkul T.; In-on A.; Sirivatanauksorn Y.; Gang D.R.; Kittakoop P.; Khoomrung S.; Wisanpitayakorn P.; Mahidol University
Conventional mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), even when combined with low-resolution ion mobility, lacks the resolving power to distinguish stereoisomers. To address this limitation, we developed a high-resolution desorption electrospray ionization cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (DESI-cIM-MS) method for in situ separation and spatial mapping of stereoisomeric compounds, using Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) as a model system. We characterized and validated the separation of four mitragynine-type stereoisomers─mitragynine (MG), speciogynine (SG), mitraciliatine (MC), and speciociliatine (SC)─using chemical standards. Notably, SC exhibited two gas-phase conformers, fast (SC-F) and slow (SC-S), supported by quantum chemical calculations. Using multipass separation and targeted ion slicing, we resolved and mapped SG, MC, and SC-S in surface-spotted standards. To address coelution between MG and SC-F, we developed a pixel-wise subtraction strategy based on the SC-F/SC-S intensity ratio to mitigate SC-F interference in the MG ion image. Direct analysis of kratom twig tissue revealed distinct spatial distributions for each stereoisomer. MG was found broadly throughout the twig except in the xylem. MC was concentrated in the pith, with some presence in the bark. SC and SG were predominantly localized in the bark, especially the epidermis. Furthermore, we resolved two additional important alkaloids, paynantheine and 7-OH-mitragynine, from their isobaric compounds; both were distributed throughout the twig except the xylem. These findings demonstrate the importance of high-resolution ion mobility in MSI for accurately resolving structurally similar compounds and improving spatial analysis in metabolomics and natural product research.
Role of Prucalopride in the Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2025-09-26) Preechakawin N.; Maneerattanaporn M.; Geeratragool T.; Srivanitchapoom P.; Pitakpatapee Y.; Leelakusolvong S.; Preechakawin N.; Mahidol University
BACKGROUND: – Constipation, a prevalent nonmotor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), adversely impacts patients’ quality of life. Prucalopride, a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, has shown efficacy as a treatment for functional constipation, but its role in PD-related constipation remains underexplored.OBJECTIVE: – To assess the efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life impact of prucalopride in PD patients with chronic constipation.METHODS: – In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, PD patients with chronic constipation received prucalopride (2 mg) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the number of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week from baseline to week 8. Secondary outcomes included stool consistency, straining, and changes in Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life scores. Parkinsonian motor severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).RESULTS: – Fifty-seven patients were included (prucalopride = 30, placebo = 27). At week 8, the change in the number of weekly SBMs was significantly larger in the prucalopride group (3.2 ± 2.8) than in the placebo group (1.6 ± 1.9; P = 0.02). Longitudinal analysis confirmed a significantly higher SBM frequency in the prucalopride group throughout the 8-week period (P = 0.015). Secondary outcomes showed trends toward improvement, but no statistically significant differences. No serious adverse events were reported, and UPDRS scores remained unchanged.CONCLUSION: – Prucalopride was safe, well-tolerated, and more effective than placebo in increasing bowel movement frequency in PD patients with chronic constipation, supporting its potential as a therapeutic option in this population.
Advances in Bioactive Dental Adhesives for Caries Prevention: A State-of-the-Art Review
(2025-11-01) Nizami M.Z.I.; Jindarojanakul A.; Ma Q.; Lee S.J.; Sun J.; Nizami M.Z.I.; Mahidol University
The long-term success of composite restorations largely depends on the performance of dental adhesives at the adhesive–tooth interface. Despite ongoing improvements, secondary caries remains the leading cause of restoration failure, primarily due to the adhesive layer’s susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation, bacterial invasion, and limited biological functionality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in bioactive dental adhesives for preventing recurrent caries, focusing on their mechanisms of action, material performance, therapeutic functions, and clinical potential. Bioactive adhesives combine durable bonding with biofunctional benefits, including remineralization, antimicrobial activity, enzymatic inhibition, and support for tissue regeneration. By integrating these properties, they enhance both the durability of the adhesive interface and oral health. Recent strategies include the incorporation of ion-releasing fillers such as calcium phosphate and bioactive glass, antimicrobial monomers such as MDPB and quaternary ammonium methacrylates, enzymatic inhibitors, and hydrolytically stable resin matrices. Together, these components strengthen the adhesive interface and provide biologically active effects to prevent recurrent caries. Although in vitro findings are promising, challenges remain, including limited long-term clinical data, the absence of standardized evaluation protocols, and barriers to clinical translation. Addressing these gaps is essential to ensure predictable clinical outcomes. Bioactive dental adhesives represent a paradigm shift in restorative dentistry, evolving from passive bonding agents to multifunctional therapeutic materials. By combining structural durability with biological protection, they hold significant potential to prevent recurrent caries and improve the long-term success of composite restorations.
Association between clinical outcomes and postoperative first metatarsal rotational alignment assessed by weight-bearing CT scan in hallux valgus
(2025-01-01) Prusmetikul S.; Orapin J.; Vasaruchapong S.; Tawonsawatruk T.; Jaovisidha S.; Manatrakul R.; Tangkittithaworn P.; Laohajaroensombat S.; Prusmetikul S.; Mahidol University
Background: The significance of rotational deformity in the operative treatment of hallux valgus is growing. However, its impact on clinical outcomes remains inadequately explored. This study aims to investigate associations between residual rotational deformity and clinical outcomes following hallux valgus corrections. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 47 postoperative feet, using WBCT to measure first metatarsal rotation via the α angle. The AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP, VAS-FA, and FAOS scores were assessed using this parameter. Results: Patients with residual first metatarsal pronation demonstrated significantly poorer functions (84.14 ± 18.50; P-value = 0.04), other complaint subscales (78.78 ± 19.17; P-value = 0.03), and overall scores of the VAS-FA (82.93 ± 17.99; P-value = 0.04). A lower alignment subscale was observed in the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP score (12.26 ± 3.49; P-value = 0.04), while other scales showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Residual first metatarsal pronation is associated with poorer clinical outcomes as shown by the overall score, function, and other complaint subscales of the VAS-FA, as well as the alignment subscale of the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP. These findings underscore the importance of correcting rotational deformity for optimal results. Nonetheless, given the retrospective design of this study with only postoperative assessments, causal inferences regarding the role of residual pronation cannot be established and should be interpreted cautiously.