Mahidol University's Institutional Repository

คลังสารสนเทศสถาบันของมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล

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To collect Mahidol University's academic publications and intellectual properties more than 39 faculties

To present over 50,000 items of information in digital formats

To make it easy to access to all information at anytime, anywhere

 

Recent Submissions

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Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models
(2024-12-01) Ritter K.; Somnuke P.; Hu L.; Griemert E.V.; Schäfer M.K.E.; Ritter K.; Mahidol University
TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in young people and older adults worldwide. There is no gold standard treatment for TBI besides surgical interventions and symptomatic relief. Post-injury infections, such as lower respiratory tract and surgical site infections or meningitis are frequent complications following TBI. Whether the use of preventive and/or symptomatic antibiotic therapy improves patient mortality and outcome is an ongoing matter of debate. In contrast, results from animal models of TBI suggest translational perspectives and support the hypothesis that antibiotics, independent of their anti-microbial activity, alleviate secondary injury and improve neurological outcomes. These beneficial effects were largely attributed to the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. In this review, we briefly outline current treatment options, including antibiotic therapy, for patients with TBI. We then summarize the therapeutic effects of the most commonly tested antibiotics in TBI animal models, highlight studies identifying molecular targets of antibiotics, and discuss similarities and differences in their mechanistic modes of action.
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Development of Thai Spondee Words for SRT Measurement in Children
(2022-01-01) Dermtoranin K.; Lertsukprasert K.; Lao M.; Maroonroge S.; Dermtoranin K.; Mahidol University
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop standardized Thai speech material for use in the measurement of speech recognition threshold (SRT) in children. METHODS The Thai speech material was developed according to three essential criteria: children’s familiarity with the word, phonetic dissimilarity, and homogeneity with respect to basic audibility. Disyllabic words selected from a Thai fundamental word list used in teaching the Thai language at the primary level were analyzed to measure the intensity of each syllable using a Computerized Speech Lab (CSL). The spondee words were then assessed for familiarity by the parents or guardians of the children. A total of 60 spondee words were selected for use in evaluating the threshold of recognition of each word by 30 normal-hearing children. RESULTS Of the 60 spondee words, 25 words with relatively steep and homogeneous psychometric function slopes were selected for inclusion in a list of Thai speech material for children. The psychometric function slopes at the 50% threshold of the final 25 spondee words were found to have a mean of 10.76 %/dB. CONCLUSIONS The Thai speech material for children was developed according to the speech material criteria. This list of words is suitable for use in evaluating the SRT of normal-hearing children.
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Detecting Vulnerable OAuth 2.0 Implementations in Android Applications
(2023-01-01) Damkham W.; Kunihiro S.; Teerakanok S.; Uehara T.; Damkham W.; Mahidol University
OAuth 2.0, a prevalent authorization framework, can be vulnerable to cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks, thus requiring developers' due diligence during implementation in Android applications. A key countermeasure includes a state parameter in the URL during the login transition. However, lacking state parameter doesn't necessarily imply an inherent vulnerability to CSRF attacks. To investigate this further, we developed an Android application to analyse other Android applications using OAuth 2.0 with Google accounts, focusing primarily on the utilisation of the state parameter in CSRF attack prevention. Our investigation involves assessing the login procedures of applications via both the Chrome application and the default browser. Through this, we aim to identify the presence or absence of the state parameter and the authorization code, critical components in a robust CSRF defence strategy. Our findings allow us to evaluate if Android applications using OAuth 2.0 have basic protections against CSRF attacks. The results of our research could protect users by identifying and discouraging the use of Android applications that employ OAuth 2.0 for social login yet remain vulnerable to CSRF attacks.
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Gaps and inconsistencies in the current knowledge and implementation of biosafety and biosecurity practices for rickettsial pathogens
(2024-12-01) Blacksell S.D.; Le K.K.; Rungrojn A.; Wongsantichon J.; Stenos J.; Graves S.R.; Day N.P.J.; Blacksell S.D.; Mahidol University
Introduction: Rickettsia spp. and Orientia spp. are the causes of neglected infections that can lead to severe febrile and systemic illnesses in humans. Implementing proper biosafety practices when handling these pathogens is crucial to ensure a safe and sustainable work environment. It is essential to assess the current knowledge and identify any potential gaps to develop effective measures that minimise the risk of exposure to these pathogens. By doing so, we can establish a comprehensive framework that promotes safety, mitigates hazards, and safeguards the well-being of personnel and the surrounding community. Methods and results: This review aimed to synthesise and determine the evidence base for biosafety precautions for Rickettsia spp. and Orientia spp. pathogens. Enhancing our understanding of the relative infectious risk associated with different strains of Rickettsia and Orientia spp. requires identifying the infectious dose of these pathogens that can cause human disease. The application of risk groups for Rickettsia and Orientia spp. is inconsistent across jurisdictions. There is also incomplete evidence regarding decontamination methods for these pathogens. With regards to Orientia spp. most of the available information is derived from experiments conducted with Rickettsia spp. Conclusions: Rickettsia and Orientia spp. are neglected diseases, as demonstrated by the lack of evidence-based and specific biosafety information about these pathogens. In the case of Orientia spp., most of the available information is derived from Rickettsia spp., which may not be appropriate and overstate the risks of working with this pathogen. The advent of effective antibiotic therapy and a better understanding of the true hazards and risks associated with pathogen manipulation should inform decisions, allowing a sustainable and safe work environment.
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Novel Midkine Inhibitor Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma
(2024-03-01) Cheevapruk K.; Ueno M.; Sungwan P.; Sittithumcharee G.; Kariya R.; Sampattavanich S.; Okada S.; Cheevapruk K.; Mahidol University
Background/Aim: Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological malignancy, is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Despite various drug classes for MM treatment, it remains incurable, necessitating novel and efficacious agents. This study aims to explore the anti-cancer activity of a midkine inhibitor, iMDK (C21H13FN2O2S), in myeloma cell lines. Materials and Methods: This study assessed the antiproliferative activity using the MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. To further investigate the inhibitory mechanism, western blotting was used to detect cell cycle-related proteins, pro-apoptotic proteins, and anti-apoptotic proteins. Results: iMDK inhibits MM cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The reduction in Cdc20 expression by iMDK treatment leads to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, iMDK down-regulates anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and c-FLIP), thereby activating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Conclusion: iMDK could be a potential candidate for MM treatment.