Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
คลังสารสนเทศสถาบันของมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล
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Recent Submissions
Accomplishments and challenges in developing improved influenza vaccines: An evaluation of three years of progress toward the milestones of the influenza vaccines research and development roadmap
(2025-08-13) Ostrowsky J.T.; Vestin N.C.; Mehr A.J.; Ulrich A.K.; Bigalke L.; Bresee J.S.; Friede M.H.; Gellin B.G.; Klugman K.P.; Nakakana U.N.; Wang T.Y.; Weller C.L.; Osterholm M.T.; Lackritz E.M.; Moore K.A.; Ampofo W.; Belongia E.; Cavaleri M.; Cohen C.; Cowling B.; Cox R.J.; Gupta S.; Gust I.; Hensley S.E.; Isakova-Sivak I.; Johansen K.; Knobler S.; Krammer F.; Lim J.C.W.; McCauley J.; Pebody R.; Pitisuttithum P.; Rappuoli R.; Rocca T.; Schultz-Cherry S.; Settembre E.C.; Southern J.; Subbarao K.; Tam J.S.; Venkayya R.; Ostrowsky J.T.; Mahidol University
Influenza vaccines that provide more effective immunity to seasonal influenza as well as protection against a broad range of emerging influenza viruses with pandemic potential are needed to reduce the public-health burden of influenza and enhance pandemic preparedness. The Influenza Vaccines Research and Development (R&D) Roadmap (IVR) was published in 2021 to serve as a strategic planning tool to advance influenza vaccine R&D. Following IVR publication, a 3-year monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment (ME&A) program was implemented to assess progress in meeting the milestones outlined in the IVR. As of mid-May 2025, 16 (17%) of the 93 milestones had been accomplished or partially accomplished, with the majority (67; 72%) in various stages of progress. Of the 35 milestones designated high-priority, five (14%) had been accomplished or partially accomplished, 29 (83%) are in progress, and no progress was identified for one (3%). Key accomplishments include: establishing longitudinal cohort studies to characterize immune responses to influenza virus infection and vaccination by age over time and by vaccine product; creating a comprehensive landscape of innovative influenza vaccine technologies in preclinical and clinical development; advancing next-generation and broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates into clinical trials; identifying relevant lessons learned from accelerated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development during the COVID-19 pandemic; and initiating development of a full value of improved influenza vaccine assessment (FVIVA) to inform investment and guide the eventual uptake of improved vaccines globally. Persistent challenges include clarifying immune mechanisms for generating durable and broadly protective immunity, enhancing understanding of immune imprinting and the role of mucosal immunity in preventing infection and transmission, identifying correlates of protection, and exploring regulatory options for broadly protective influenza vaccine licensure. The IVR ME&A program provides a basis for ongoing critical review of progress in influenza vaccine R&D to inform decision-making on research priorities and funding.
Exploring the role of breakfast in diet quality and meal regularity among female university students
(2025-01-01) Lee E.R.; Kaur S.; Tay J.E.F.; Mok K.T.; Chirawat P.; Lee E.R.; Mahidol University
Breakfast skipping negatively affects female students’ health, especially during their reproductive years, when their nutritional needs increase and their vulnerability to nutritional deficiencies rises. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary intake, diet quality and meal regularity with breakfast skipping behavior among Malaysian female university students. A cross-sectional survey sample of 162 students aged 18–25 years was analyzed. The majority reported having breakfast skipping behavior (78%), poor diet quality (79%) and irregular lunch (58%) and dinner (53%) meals. Breakfast skipping was significantly associated with lower energy intake (p = 0.035), poor diet quality (p = 0.003), fewer consumption of whole grains (p = 0.005), legumes/nuts (p = 0.002) and milk/milk products (p = 0.019) as well as lunch frequency (p = 0.005). Binary logistic regression revealed that breakfast skippers were less likely to consume whole grain [Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) = 0.76 (0.58–0.99); p = 0.045] and lunch [Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) = 0.45 (0.26–0.80); p = 0.006] after adjusting for confounders. Breakfast skipping remains prevalent among Malaysian female university students and is associated with poor diet quality, dietary intake, low meal frequency and regularity. Daily breakfast consumption is suggested to improve nutritional status.
Molecular characterization of transformer, transformer-2, and doublesex genes in the carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae, revealing potential for genetic pest management
(2025-01-01) Laohakieat K.; Poonsiri T.; Aketarawong N.; Laohakieat K.; Mahidol University
Globalization and climate change may be driving the spread of the quarantine fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae, highlighting the need for ecofriendly control methods like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which relies on releasing sterile males to reduce wild populations. However, developing effective strains through genetic manipulation of sex-determination genes remains challenging due to limited knowledge of this pathway in B. carambolae. In this study, the structures of three key orthologous genes—transformer (tra), transformer-2 (tra-2), and doublesex (dsx)—were characterized and compared with those of other Bactrocera species. These genes were found to share conserved structures, following a bottom-up pattern from Bcardsx to Bcartra-2 and Bcartra, with intron retention observed in Bcartra as a structural variation. Developmental expression analysis revealed that the splicing patterns of Bcartra first appeared at 6 hours post oviposition (hpo), with sex-specific patterns established by 10 hpo. The expression profiles in B. carambolae were similar to those in the closely related species B. dorsalis, although gene expression occurred later in B. carambolae. RNAi knockdown of Bcartra resulted in nearly all phenotypic males, supporting the role of BcarTRA in controlling the sex-specific splicing of Bcartra itself and the downstream genes doublesex and fruitless. Additionally, in silico predictions of protein interactions (TRAF, TRA-2, and RBP1) and putative cis-regulatory elements on Bcartra pre-mRNA suggested specific binding events occur at these conserved sites. These findings contribute to the development of potential genetic tools for pest control and provide insights into the evolutionary relationships among these orthologous genes.
Comparing Competitive and Recreational Table Tennis Training: Impacts on Quality of life in Older Adults - A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2025-01-01) To-aj O.; Bumrungpanictarworn A.; Liauw F.; To-aj O.; Mahidol University
Background: Owing to its combination of speed, tactics, and accuracy, table tennis is becoming a sport exercise that is suitable for older adults. Casual play is fun and relaxing, and more serious table tennis might further develop skills through focused practice. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to determine how the practice of competition compared to leisure playing affects the Quality of life (QoL) of people aged 40-70. Selecting subjects at random, one group of subjects undertook a structured competitive regimen, whereas the other group was given time to play recreationally without any structured competition. QoL was measured before and after the intervention using the WHOQOL-BREF, which measures physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test. Results: The group that received structured competition reported a marked improvement in their QoL indicators, especially in physical health (p < 0.001), psychological health (p < 0.001), and social relationships (p = 0.001), when compared to the control group, which showed few improvements. No significant differences were observed in the environmental domains in either group. Conclusions: Regular competitive table tennis practice improves physical condition, emotions, and social relationships, which leads to a higher QoL in older adults. Thus, these results emphasize the utility of competitive sports in the maintenance of active and healthy aging. Registration: Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR) ID TCTR20250105001, registered on December 28, 2024
In vitro evaluation and phytochemical analysis of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. against human coronavirus OC43
(2025-12-01) Pichetpongtorn P.; Komaikul J.; Ruangdachsuwan S.; Churod T.; Masrinoul P.; Kitisripanya T.; Pichetpongtorn P.; Mahidol University
Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is traditionally used across Southeast Asia in various cultural and medicinal practices. Its rhizome contains terpenes and has historically been employed to treat fever and gastrointestinal disorders—symptoms often associated with coronavirus infections. Large intestinal epithelial cells serve as potentially significant sites for viral replication, with pronounced susceptibility to human coronaviruses, and present promising targets for antiviral therapeutic interventions. This study investigated the phytochemicals in C. aeruginosa rhizome extracts using different extraction solvents and measured their inhibition against human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) replication activities in the large intestine adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT-8). Extracts using hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, or methanol were quantified for curcumenol and furanodienone using HPLC, with GC-MS/MS utilized for phytochemical analysis. The inhibition of HCoV-OC43 replication was evaluated using in-cell ELISA. The crude hexane extract of C. aeruginosa rhizome demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity, with the greatest amounts of curcumenol and furanodienone (59.56 ± 1.56 and 5.70 ± 0.26 mg/g, respectively) compared to the other crude extracts from different solvents. In GC-MS/MS analysis, curcumenol was identified as the major component in C. aeruginosa rhizome crude extracts, serving as a potential active marker for this plant. The findings indicated that C. aeruginosa hexane extract showed significant therapeutic potential for future antiviral applications.