Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
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Effect of NQO1 Downregulation on the Migration and Invasion of HPV16-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells
(2024-12-01) Wattanathavorn W.; Buranapraditkun S.; Kitkumthorn N.; Bhattarakosol P.; Chaiwongkot A.; Wattanathavorn W.; Mahidol University
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify upregulated genes in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells and investigate the impact of downregulating NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) on the survival of these cells. METHODS: Transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to pinpoint upregulated genes and associated cancer-related pathways in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells, comparing them to HPV-negative cervical cancer cells. NQO1 gene knockdown was performed in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell lines to assess its effect on cell survival, including parameters such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53, and RECK. RESULTS: Genes with a fold change ≥4.0 in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell lines were predominantly localized to the extracellular region and plasma membrane. These genes were involved in protein binding and cell adhesion, influencing cellular responses to stimuli and tissue development. KEGG pathway analysis identified the most significant pathways, including metabolic pathways, cancer pathways, MAPK signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Knockdown of NQO1 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while increasing apoptosis in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, proteins associated with the PI3K-AKT pathway were downregulated, while p53 and RECK protein levels were elevated. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that NQO1 plays a crucial role in promoting migration and invasion in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Attitudes towards FCTC Article 5.3 among tobacco control stakeholders in Thailand and their relationship with awareness of tobacco industry tactics
(2024-11-27) Patanavanich R.; Punkrajang P.; Ingkasereepitak J.; Phaenthong W.; Yimnual C.; Katithamanit S.; Wichakpan P.; Patanavanich R.; Mahidol University
Background Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was developed to protect public health policies from tobacco industry interference. The guiding principles of Article 5.3 emphasise a fundamental conflict between the tobacco industry's interests and public health interests (principle 1) and recommend that the government be accountable and transparent (principle 2), demand accountability and transparency from the industry (principle 3), and refrain from providing incentives to the industry (principle 4). This study quantitatively explored attitudes towards Article 5.3's guiding principles and recommendations among Thai tobacco control stakeholders and whether they were associated with awareness of tobacco industry tactics. Methods We conducted an online survey of 703 individuals involved in tobacco control in Thailand. We employed multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis to explore factors associated with attitudes towards Article 5.3's guiding principles and recommendations. Results 441 participants responded to the survey (response rate 62.7%). Among the Article 5.3 guiding principles, principle 1 received the lowest agreement (83%), whereas the other three principles had an average of 93% agreement. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression, we found awareness of tobacco industry tactics was associated with Article 5.3's guiding principles: principle 1 (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.11; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15; p<0.001), principle 2 (AOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12; p=0.002), principle 3 (AOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.15; p<0.001) and principle 4 (AOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.19; p<0.001). In addition to awareness of tobacco industry tactics, age, years of experience in tobacco control, role in tobacco control and smoking by family members and friends were associated with perspectives towards Article 5.3's guidelines. Conclusions This study provides quantitative evidence of the association between attitudes towards WHO FCTC Article 5.3 and awareness of tobacco industry tactics in Thailand. Denormalisation of the tobacco industry is thus a vital component of successfully implementing and enforcing Article 5.3.
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Revisiting serum storage protocols: assessing the impact of temperature variations on indirect immunofluorescence testing for pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid
(2024-12-23) Pinkaew S.; Kulthanan K.; Tuchinda P.; Chularojanamontri L.; Pongkittilar B.; Buranaporn P.; Nuttawong S.; Rujitharanawong C.; Pinkaew S.; Mahidol University
BACKGROUND: Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP) by detecting the presence of circulating autoantibodies in the serum of patients. The standard serum transportation method requires delivery to laboratories at 2-8 °C within a day and storage at -20 to -80 °C. However, this protocol poses logistical challenges. OBJECTIVES: To carry out a study assessing how temperature variations affect the accuracy of IIF tests. METHODS: This case-control study analysed 203 serum specimens: 102 from patients with pemphigus and 101 from patients with BP. Specimens were stored at -80 °C (control), 24 °C and 40 °C for 7 days before analysis to investigate variations in IIF titres between test and control conditions. RESULTS: In pemphigus serum, 95% of specimens at 24 °C and 76% at 40 °C showed no titre difference compared with controls. Similarly, 89% of BP serum specimens at 24 °C and 82% at 40 °C matched the control titres. While 57 specimens across both groups experienced reduced titres, the decrease was primarily marginal (a 1-step reduction in 54 cases, 2-step in 3), with no transition from positive to negative results. CONCLUSIONS: Storing serum at 24-40 °C for up to 7 days before testing only slightly influences IIF outcomes for pemphigus and BP. These findings could prompt a significant revision in the existing strict transport guidelines, ensuring efficient use of resources without sacrificing the accuracy of diagnostic tests.
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3D-printed scaffold of dopamine methacrylate oligomer grafted on PEGDMA incorporated with collagen hydrolysate for engineering cartilage tissue
(2024-01-01) Pasanaphong K.; Suksuwan A.; Srikaew N.; Hemstapat R.; Tawonsawatruk T.; Wangtueai S.; Khamthong N.; Boonyagul S.; Wongsirichot P.; Tanadchangsaeng N.; Pasanaphong K.; Mahidol University
This study demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of dopamine methacrylate (DMA), oligomers of dopamine methacrylate (ODMA), and their integration with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) to enhance 3D-printing scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering, using digital light processing (DLP) technology. The results confirm the successful synthesis of DMA, as evidenced by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and its subsequent conversion to ODMA. The obtained ODMA was then combined with PEGDMA (1.25–10% w/v ODMA) to optimize scaffold printability. The morphological characteristics of the ODMA/PEGDMA scaffolds were assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the chemical stability and biological compatibility of collagen hydrolysate (CH) derived from tuna tendon were studied and compared after sterilization. An in vitro fibroblast viability test was conducted using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess the biocompatibility of CH with cells. Sterilization did not adversely affect the chemical composition of CH, maintaining its compatibility with fibroblast cells. Subsequently, ODMA/PEGDMA/CH composite scaffolds were fabricated using a DLP 3D printer, and their efficacy in supporting chondrocyte viability and proliferation were examined at 24, 48, and 72 h using PrestoBlue® assay. Mixing ODMA with PEGDMA significantly enhanced the printability of the scaffolds. Our tri-component 3D-printed scaffolds significantly enhanced human cartilage stem/progenitor cell (CSPC) viability and proliferation compared to a 24-well culture plate. These scaffolds excel in both mechanical properties, crucial for bearing physiological loads, and biological properties that promote cell growth and proliferation. This dual enhancement underscores their superior performance and positions them as frontrunners in the development of advanced solutions for cartilage engineering, potentially revolutionizing medical treatments.
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Effect of Fluoride-incorporated Bioactive Glass Toothpaste on Remineralization of Primary Enamel Lesions: An In-Vitro Study
(2024-01-01) Katkanchano N.; Rirattanapong P.; Yimcharoen V.; Katkanchano N.; Mahidol University
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization effect of fluoride-incorporated bioactive glass (F-BG) toothpaste on artificial subsurface caries in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Forty sound primary maxillary incisors were subjected to a demineralizing solution for four days to induce artificial enamel caries. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group): Group I, F-BG toothpaste (530 ppm fluoride) (BiominF®); Group II, 0.22% sodium fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm fluoride) (Colgate®); Group III, 0.32% sodium fluoride toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride) (Colgate®); and Group IV, deionized water as a control. Over the course of seven days, each specimen was treated with a slurry of the respective toothpaste twice daily, followed by pH cycling to simulate oral conditions. Mineral density (MD) values were measured at depths of 0, 40, 80, and 120 μm using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after the pH cycling. The percentage of remineralization was calculated based on changes in MD. Statistical comparisons among the groups were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by post-hoc Bonferroni tests, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: At depths of 0, 40, and 80 μm, both F-BG toothpaste (Group I) and the 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste (Group III) demonstrated significantly higher remineralization than the 1000 ppm fluoride toothpaste (Group II) and the control group (Group IV) (P < 0.05). No significant difference in remineralization was observed between Group I and Group III (P > 0.05). At a depth of 120 μm, none of the test groups showed significant remineralization compared to the control group. Conclusions: The fluoride-incorporated bioactive glass toothpaste (530 ppm fluoride) demonstrated remineralization effects on enamel comparable to those of the 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste in terms of both surface and subsurface enamel restoration in primary teeth. Clinically, this suggests that F-BG toothpaste may be a viable alternative for remineralization therapy in pediatric populations, especially in situations where lower fluoride concentrations are preferred for young children. Further long-term studies are needed to assess the clinical durability and efficacy of F-BG toothpaste in caries prevention and management.(Figure Presented).