Mahidol University's Institutional Repository
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Recent Submissions
A Personal Experience and Technical Approaches in Robotic Pancreatic Surgery—Dedicated to Professor Ningxin Zhou
(2024-01-01) Wang Z.; Yiengpruksawan A.; Peng C.; Wang Z.; Mahidol University
Pancreatic surgery is considered one of the most difficult and complicated fields among general surgery.
Andrographolide Reduces Cytokine Release and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB Pathways in Glioblastoma Cells Exposed to Cadmium
(2025-01-01) Kasemsuk T.; Vivithanaporn P.; Woonfak P.; Khemawoot P.; Kasemsuk T.; Mahidol University
Background: Neuroinflammation is associated with brain cancer and several neurodegenerative diseases. At nontoxic concentrations, the environmental pollutant cadmium is known to increase the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine the effects of andrographolide on cadmium-induced inflammation and the underlying mechanisms in U-87 MG glioblastoma cells. Methods: U-87 MG cells, obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), are adherent cells derived from malignant gliomas and express the astrocyte cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. Cell viability was measured using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Human IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the proteins involved in the MAPK and NF-κB pathways were detected via Western blotting. Results: Treating cells with andrographolide or cadmium alone or in combination did not alter cell viability. Andrographolide decreased cadmium-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 release and downregulated cadmium-induced COX-2 expression. Andrographolide also reduced the levels of cadmium-induced phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phospho-p65. Conclusion: In this study, andrographolide exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on cadmium-induced inflammation by inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB pathways. These findings have implications for the development of therapies for cadmium poisoning since the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches is limited.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Utility of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Hospitalized Cats with Pancreatitis
(2025-04-01) Siriphanporn Y.; Wiratsudakul A.; Kasemsuwan S.; Chuchalermporn P.; Vijarnsorn M.; Kashemsant N.; Siriphanporn Y.; Mahidol University
Pancreatitis in cats ranges from mild forms with low mortality to severe cases with poor prognosis, and early identification of high-risk patients remains a challenge. The prognostic significance of hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis in feline pancreatitis is not well established. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors in hospitalized cats with pancreatitis and assess the predictive value of hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis. A retrospective study of 142 cats diagnosed between January 2020 and December 2023 was conducted, analyzing signalment, clinical signs, and clinicopathological findings. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, abnormal feline pancreatic lipase assay, and abdominal sonography. Multivariate analysis identified jaundice (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.7–12.7), renal disease (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.05–5.40), hypoalbuminemia (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.70–9.01), increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.96–11.53), and neutrophil cytoplasmic toxic change (OR, 10.54; 95% CI, 4.17–26.7) as independent prognostic indicators. The combination of renal disease and jaundice increased the mortality risk 12-fold, while hypoalbuminemia and neutrophil toxic changes increased it 120-fold. However, hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis upon admission were not predictive of outcomes. These findings suggest that jaundice, renal disease, hypoalbuminemia, increased BUN, and neutrophil toxic changes are significant prognostic indicators in feline pancreatitis, whereas hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis do not predict mortality.
Artificial intelligence in computer programming education: A systematic literature review
(2025-06-01) Manorat P.; Tuarob S.; Pongpaichet S.; Manorat P.; Mahidol University
The demand for skilled programmers and the increasing complexity of coding skills have led to a rise in the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies in computer programming education. Previous research has explored the potential of AI in aspects such as grading assignments, generating feedback, detecting plagiarism, and identifying at-risk students, but there is a lack of systematic reviews focused on AI-powered teaching processes in computer programming classes. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of AI and ML's role in computer programming education, this systematic review examines a wider range of applications across the entire pedagogical process. Analyzing 119 relevant research papers published between 2012 and 2024, this review offers an overview of AI and ML tools and techniques used in various educational contexts. Aligned with instructional design models, the reviewed literature is categorized into four key areas: course design, classroom implementation, assessment and feedback, and performance monitoring. This systematic review not only highlights the practical tools available to instructors but also identifies research trends and potential areas for future exploration in the field of computer programming education.
In Memory of Professor Zhou Ning Xin
(2024-01-01) Yiengpruksawan A.; Peng C.; Yiengpruksawan A.; Mahidol University
I first met Professor Zhou in 2009 when he and his team from the Second Artillery Hospital in Beijing visited the USA to learn and observe robotic surgery. Prior to the visit, I was contacted by their sponsor and was asked if I would be willing to host them at our hospital where I could share my robotic experience with them and show them our operating room facility. I learned that Professor Zhou was an extremely well-regarded surgeon in China. He was at the time the second in command of the Second Artillery Hospital in Beijing and a Vice President of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery Society.