Long-Term Effects of Cigarette Smoking on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Thai Population: Results From a 30-Year Cohort Study
Issued Date
2022-11-01
Resource Type
ISSN
10105395
eISSN
19412479
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85132246064
Pubmed ID
35703388
Journal Title
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
Volume
34
Issue
8
Start Page
761
End Page
769
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health Vol.34 No.8 (2022) , 761-769
Suggested Citation
Thiravetyan B., Vathesatogkit P. Long-Term Effects of Cigarette Smoking on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Thai Population: Results From a 30-Year Cohort Study. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health Vol.34 No.8 (2022) , 761-769. 769. doi:10.1177/10105395221106860 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/85440
Title
Long-Term Effects of Cigarette Smoking on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Thai Population: Results From a 30-Year Cohort Study
Author(s)
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming evidences on the health consequences of smoking, studies in Asian population in low-to-middle income countries are very limited. Baseline data of a prospective cohort study were collected in year 1985. Endpoints regarding all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were followed for 30 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used for analysis. Participants had an average age of 43 years, 23% were female, and 43% were current smokers. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in ex-smokers (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32) and current smokers (HR 1.70) when compared with never smokers. Participants with any history of smoking had significantly higher risk of developing MACE. Furthermore, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and MACE increased with increasing pack years. Statistically significant dose-response relationships were established. Therefore, cigarette smoking increased the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and MACE in Thai population. Results emphasized the importance of tobacco control in Thailand.