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    Association between Frequency of Consumption of Fruit, Vegetables, Nuts and Pulses and BMI: Analyses of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
    (2018-03-07) Clare R. Wall; Alistair W. Stewart; Robert J. Hancox; Rinki Murphy; Irene Braithwaite; Richard Beasley; Edwin A. Mitchell; M. Gómez; J. Weyler; R. Pinto-Vargas; A. J.L.A. Cunha; L. De Freitas Souza; A. Ferguson; P. Aguilar; L. Amarales; L. A.V. Benavides; A. Contreras; Y. Z. Chen; O. Kunii; Q. Li Pan; N. S. Zhong; A. M. Cepeda; B. N. Koffi; C. Bustos; M. A. Riikjärv; R. Sa’aga-Banuve; J. Pekkanen; E. Vlaski; G. Zsigmond; S. N. Mantri; S. K. Sharma; C. B. Kartasasmita; P. Konthen; W. Suprihati; M. R. Masjedi; H. Odajima; J. Kudzyte; M. Barragán-Meijueiro; B. E. Del-Río-Navarro; F. J. Linares-Zapién; N. Ramírez-Chanona; S. Romero-Tapia; Z. Bouayad; R. MacKay; C. Moyes; P. Pattemore; B. O. Onadeko; P. Chiarella; A. Brêborowicz; G. Lis; R. Câmara; J. M. Lopes dos Santos; C. Nunes; J. Rosado Pinto; D. Y. Goh; H. J. Zar; H. B. Lee; A. Blanco-Quirós; R. M. Busquets; I. Carvajal-Urueña; G. García-Hernández; L. García-Marcos; C. González Díaz; A. López-Silvarrey Varela; M. Morales-Suárez-Varela; E. G. Pérez-Yarza; O. Al-Rawas; S. Mohammad; Y. Mohammad; K. Tabbah; J. L. Huang; C. C. Kao; M. Trakultivakorn; P. Vichyanond; H. H. Windom; D. Holgado; M. C. Lapides; D. Solé; M. R. Sears; V. Aguirre; L. Waqatakirewa; J. Shah; K. Baratawidjaja; S. Nishima; M. Baeza-Bacab; M. I. Asher; B. W. Lee; Hospital y CRS El Pino; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Universidad del Pais Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus Bizkaia; Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas; Guangzhou Institute of Repiratory Disease; School of Population Health, University of Auckland; Tishreen University; Aleppo University Hospital; Hospital Alcivar; Sultan Qaboos University; Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell; Universitas Padjadjaran; Universitas Diponegoro; Universitas Indonesia; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Kaunas University of Medicine; McMaster University; Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre; Universidad del Pais Vasco; University of Tokyo; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Canterbury Health Laboratories; Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie; Chang Gung University; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand; University of Otago; National University of Singapore; National Minami-Fukuoka Chest Hospital; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Peking University; National Hospital Organization, Japan; Universiteit Antwerpen; Mahidol University; National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Tehran; The University of British Columbia; Dunedin School of Medicine; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; UNICEF; Whakatane Hospital; University of Auckland; Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; University of Valencia; Chiang Mai University; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán; University of Cape Town; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; Universidade Federal da Bahia; CoMAAIPE; Regional Hospital “Lautaro Navarro”; Caja Petrolera de Salud; Hospital de Castro; Service des Maladies Respiratoires; University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrxaca Research Institute; Kao-Chun-Chieh Clinic; Center of Allergy and Immunology of Algarve; Xinjiang Children’s Hospital; COMPEDIA; Urban Cote d Ivoire; Centro De Enfermedades Alergicas Y Asma de Toluca; Centro Hospitilar do Funchal; Hospital CRS El Pino; Calama; The Children’s Hospital; Centro de Salud de La Ería; Hanyang University College of Medicin; Federal Universtity of Rio de Janeiro; University Children's Clinic; Hospital da Luz; Asthma and Allergy Research Center; Hospital San Bernardo; Hospital de Alta Especialidad del Niño; Tallinn Children’s Hospital; Hospital Paysandú; Fundación María José Jove; Svábhegy; Universidad Metropolitana; Hospital Pedro Hispano
    © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Diets which emphasize intakes of plant-based foods are recommended to reduce disease risk and for promoting healthy weight. The aim of this study was to examine the association between fruit, vegetables, pulses and nut intake and body mass index (BMI) across countries in adolescents (13-14 years) and children (6-7 years). Data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood; 77,243 children’s parents and 201,871 adolescents was used to examine the association between dietary intake (Food Frequency Questionnaire) and BMI using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index. Adolescents who consumed fruit, vegetables, pulses and nuts three or more times a week had a lower BMI than the never or occasional group; eating nuts three or more times a week, was associated with a BMI value of 0.274 kg/m2 lower than the never group (p < 0.001). Compared to children who never or occasionally reported eating vegetables, those reporting that they ate vegetables three or more times per week had a lower BMI of -0.079 kg/m2. In this large global study, an inverse association was observed between BMI and the reported increasing intake of vegetables in 6-7 years old and fruit, vegetables, pulses and nuts in adolescents. This study supports current dietary recommendations which emphasize the consumption of vegetables, nut and pulses, although the effect sizes were small.