Browsing by Author "Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School"

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    Consensus-based clinical recommendations and research priorities for anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19–related illness
    (2020-11-01) Neil A. Goldenberg; Anthony Sochet; Manuela Albisetti; Tina Biss; Mariana Bonduel; Julie Jaffray; Graeme MacLaren; Paul Monagle; Sarah O’Brien; Leslie Raffini; Shoshana Revel-Vilk; Nongnuch Sirachainan; Suzan Williams; Ayesha Zia; Christoph Male; Nationwide Children’s Hospital; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; National University Hospital, Singapore; University of Melbourne; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne; University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Keck School of Medicine of USC; UT Southwestern Medical School; Medizinische Universitat Wien; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Kinderspital Zürich; All Children's Hospital St. Petersburg; Fundacion Hospital de Pediatria Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan; The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
    © 2020 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Background: Observational studies indicate that children hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness, like adults, are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). A multicenter phase 2 clinical trial of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness has recently been initiated in the United States. To date, there remains a paucity of high-quality evidence to inform clinical practice world-wide. Therefore, the objective of this scientific statement is to provide consensus-based recommendations on the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illnesses, and to identify priorities for future research. Methods: We surveyed 20 pediatric hematologists and pediatric critical care physicians from several continents who were identified by Pediatric/Neonatal Hemostasis and Thrombosis Subcommittee leadership as having experience and expertise in the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis and/or the management of COVID-19-related illness in children. A comprehensive review of the literature on COVID-19 in children was also performed. Results: Response rate was 90%. Based on consensus of expert opinions, we suggest the administration of low-dose low molecular weight heparin subcutaneously twice-daily as anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis (in the absence of contraindications, and in combination with mechanical thromboprophylaxis with sequential compression devices, where feasible) in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illness (including the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children [MIS-C]) who have markedly elevated D-dimer levels or superimposed clinical risk factors for hospitalassociated VTE. For children who are clinically unstable or have severe renal impairment, we suggest the use of unfractionated heparin by continuous intravenous infusion as anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. In addition, continued efforts to characterize VTE risk and risk factors in children with COVID-19, as well as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis strategies in children hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness (including MIS-C) via cooperative multicenter trials, were identified among several key priorities for future research. Conclusion: These consensus-based recommendations on the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illnesses and priorities for future research will be updated as high-quality evidence emerges.
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    Covalently linked dengue virus envelope glycoprotein dimers reduce exposure of the immunodominant fusion loop epitope
    (2017-05-23) Alexander Rouvinski; Wanwisa Dejnirattisai; Pablo Guardado-Calvo; Marie Christine Vaney; Arvind Sharma; Stéphane Duquerroy; Piyada Supasa; Wiyada Wongwiwat; Ahmed Haouz; Giovanna Barba-Spaeth; Juthathip Mongkolsapaya; Félix A. Rey; Gavin R. Screaton; Institut Pasteur, Paris; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Hammersmith Hospital; Universite Paris-Sud XI; Mahidol University; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
    © The Author(s) 2017. A problem in the search for an efficient vaccine against dengue virus is the immunodominance of the fusion loop epitope (FLE), a segment of the envelope protein E that is buried at the interface of the E dimers coating mature viral particles. Anti-FLE antibodies are broadly cross-reactive but poorly neutralizing, displaying a strong infection enhancing potential. FLE exposure takes place via dynamic 'breathing' of E dimers at the virion surface. In contrast, antibodies targeting the E dimer epitope (EDE), readily exposed at the E dimer interface over the region of the conserved fusion loop, are very potent and broadly neutralizing. We here engineer E dimers locked by inter-subunit disulfide bonds, and show by X-ray crystallography and by binding to a panel of human antibodies that these engineered dimers do not expose the FLE, while retaining the EDE exposure. These locked dimers are strong immunogen candidates for a next-generation vaccine.
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    Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
    (2012-04-01) Daniel J. Klionsky; Fabio C. Abdalla; Hagai Abeliovich; Robert T. Abraham; Abraham Acevedo-Arozena; Khosrow Adeli; Lotta Agholme; Maria Agnello; Patrizia Agostinis; Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso; Hyung Jun Ahn; Ouardia Ait-Mohamed; Slimane Ait-Si-Ali; Takahiko Akematsu; Shizuo Akira; Hesham M. Al-Younes; Munir A. Al-Zeer; Matthew L. Albert; Roger L. Albin; Javier Alegre-Abarrategui; Maria Francesca Aleo; Mehrdad Alirezaei; Alexandru Almasan; Maylin Almonte-Becerril; Atsuo Amano; Ravi Amaravadi; Shoba Amarnath; Amal O. Amer; Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie; Vellareddy Anantharam; David K. Ann; Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie; Hiroshi Aoki; Nadezda Apostolova; Giuseppe Arancia; John P. Aris; Katsuhiko Asanuma; Nana Y.O. Asare; Hisashi Ashida; Valerie Askanas; David S. Askew; Patrick Auberger; Misuzu Baba; Steven K. Backues; Eric H. Baehrecke; Ben A. Bahr; Xue Yuan Bai; Yannick Bailly; Robert Baiocchi; Giulia Baldini; Walter Balduini; Andrea Ballabio; Bruce A. Bamber; Edward T.W. Bampton; Gábor Bánhegyi; Clinton R. Bartholomew; Diane C. Bassham; Robert C. Bast; Henri Batoko; Boon Huat Bay; Isabelle Beau; Daniel M. Béchet; Thomas J. Begley; Christian Behl; Christian Behrends; Soumeya Bekri; Bryan Bellaire; Linda J. Bendall; Luca Benetti; Laura Berliocchi; Henri Bernardi; Francesca Bernassola; Sébastien Besteiro; Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova; Xiaoning Bi; Martine Biard-Piechaczyk; Janice S. Blum; Lawrence H. Boise; Paolo Bonaldo; David L. Boone; Beat C. Bornhauser; Karina R. Bortoluci; Ioannis Bossis; Frédéric Bost; Jean Pierre Bourquin; Patricia Boya; Michaël Boyer-Guittaut; Peter V. Bozhkov; Nathan R. Brady; Claudio Brancolini; Andreas Brech; Jay E. Brenman; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Pfizer Inc.; MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit; Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto; Linkopings universitet; Universita degli Studi di Palermo; KU Leuven; New York University; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Universite Paris 7- Denis Diderot; York University; Osaka University; The University of Jordan; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Institut Pasteur, Paris; VAAAHS; University of Oxford; Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia; Scripps Research Institute; Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados; University of Pennsylvania; National Cancer Institute; Ohio State University; Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; Iowa State University; City of Hope National Med Center; Griffith University; Niigata University; Universitat de Valencia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome; University of Florida College of Medicine; Juntendo University; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Kyoto University; Keck School of Medicine of USC; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Centre Mediterraneen de Medecine Moleculaire; Universite Nice Sophia Antipolis; Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Medical School; University of North Carolina-Pembroke; General Hospital of People's Liberation Army; Universite de Strasbourg; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Universita degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo; TIGEM Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; University of Toledo; University of Leicester; Semmelweis Egyetem; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Universite Catholique de Louvain; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Universite Paris-Sud XI; Universite d' Auvergne Clermont-FD 1; University at Albany State University of New York; Klinikum der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitat und Fachbereich Medizin; Klinikum und Fachbereich Medizin Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main; CHU Hopitaux de Rouen; The University of Sydney; Merck & Co., Inc.; Universita degli studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro; INRA Montpellier; Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Comenius University; Western University of Health Sciences; CNRS UM1; Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis; Emory University School of Medicine; Universita degli Studi di Padova; University of Chicago; Kinderspital Zurich; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; University of Maryland; CSIC - Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB); Universite de Franche-Comte; Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet; Universitat Heidelberg; Universita degli Studi di Udine; Universitetet i Oslo; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; de Duve Institute; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Virginia Commonwealth University; University of Rochester Medical Center; Genentech Incorporated; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Hertie-Institut fur klinische Hirnforschung; Medical University of Vienna Institute of Cancer Research; Universite de Geneve; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; NYU School of Medicine; Institutu Klinicke a Experimentalni Mediciny; Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University; Vanderbilt Eye Institute; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Thomas Jefferson University; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Institut Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires, Bordeaux; Royal Veterinary College University of London; Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, Roma; CSIC - Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez Neyra (IPBLN); Xiangya Hospital of Central-south University; University of Idaho; University of East Anglia; Universidade de Coimbra, Centro De Neurociencias e Biologia Celular; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Case Western Reserve University; Lunds Universitet; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Universita degli Studi di Messina; Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Institut de Neurociencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Universita degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Universitat Tubingen; Chonbuk National University; Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital; California Institute of Technology; University of Strathclyde; The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Academia Sinica Taiwan; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nankai University; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica Taiwan; 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School of Life Sciences-LifeNet; Centre for Cancer Biology; University of Adelaide; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans; Monash University; University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti and Pescara; Columbia University Medical Center; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Universidad de Chile; Universidad de Alcala; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; University of California, Davis; University of Kansas Medical Center; University Hospitals Case Medical Center; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie; Medical College of Georgia; Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ); Eli Lilly and Company; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology; Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois; Centre de Recherches BioMedicales des Cordeliers; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; University of California, Irvine; Universitat de Barcelona; University of Cologne; Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Weizmann Institute of Science Israel; Universita degli Studi di Milano; Buck Institute for Age Research; Universiteit Stellenbosch; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine; Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre; Helsingin Yliopisto; George Mason University; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Fudan University; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore; Guangzhou University; King's College London; Kraeftens Bekaempelse; University of California, San Diego; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; The University of Georgia; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Debreceni Egyetem Altalanos Orvostudomanyi Kar; San Diego State University; Hunter College; IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Rockefeller University; University of Colorado at Boulder; 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Medical University of Warsaw; New York Medical College; Ege Universitesi; Universidad de Buenos Aires; CSIC-CAR-UR - Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV); University of Nottingham; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; British Columbia Cancer Agency; Sabanci Universitesi; Agricultural Institute of Slovenia; Children's Hospital of Iowa; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute; UCSD Medical Center, Moores Cancer Center; AstraZeneca; Montana State University - Bozeman; Osaka University Faculty of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Life Technologies; Virginia Commonwealth University Health System; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; John Radcliffe Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; VA Medical Center; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; UT Southwestern Medical School; Duke University School of Medicine; Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal; University of Colorado School of Medicine; University of Glasgow; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile; Riken; German Cancer Research Center; Universitat Bonn; Sun Yat-Sen University; Harvard University; LEO Pharma AS; University of Maryland School of Medicine; University of New Mexico School of Medicine; Providence Portland Medical Center; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; National Taiwan University; Universitats Klinikum Freiburg und Medizinische Fakultat; Seoul National University; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; University of Edinburgh; Chungnam National University; University of Washington, Seattle; McGill University; University of Durham; University of Ulsan, College of Medicine; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Asahi University; Universite de la Mediterranee Aix-Marseille II; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Nagoya University School of Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine; Keio University; Turku Centre for Biotechnology; UT Medical Branch at Galveston; Medical College of Wisconsin; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Harbin Medical University; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Universidad de Salamanca; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology; Universitetet i Tromso; University of Pittsburgh; University of Toronto; Universiteit van Pretoria; Eötvös Loránd University; Institut Universitaire de Pathologie, Lausanne; Korea Food Research Institute; Ita-Suomen yliopisto; National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira; National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Basic Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Gifu University School of Medicine; National Cancer Centre, Singapore; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Kyushu University, Faculty of Medical Sciences; St. Jude Children Research Hospital; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Chang Gung University; University of Minnesota Cancer Center; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Minufiya University; University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB); Hokkaido University; Gyeongsang National University (GSNU), College of Medicine; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology; Wonkwang University; Hallym University; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Beatson Institute for Cancer Research; Rhode Island Hospital; Merck Serono, Darmstadt; Saint Boniface General Hospital Research Centre; University of Tokyo; Nagasaki University; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen; University of Arizona; Universitatsklinik Erlangen und Medizinische Fakultat; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe; Universitat Gottingen; Juntendo University School of Medicine; National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI); Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Hiroshima University; Universitat Wien; Massachusetts General Hospital; Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Universite Paris Descartes; The Babraham Institute; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center; The Commonwealth Medical College; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center; Yonsei University; Rady Children's Hospital; Centre d'Infection et d'Immunite de Lille; Division of DermatologyLaval UniversityQuebec City; University of Bristol; Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; Cancer Research UK; Incheon National University; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; The Catholic University of Korea; University of Florida; Institut de Recherche sur la Sante, l'Environnement et le Travail; University of Arkansas - Fayetteville; National Cheng Kung University; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Medical University of South Carolina; Rush University Medical Center; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin; Third People's Hospital of Yongzhou; Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hanshan Normal University; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica; Medical University of Lodz; Konkuk University; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Duke University; Soochow University; Huazhong Normal University; Texas A and M Health Science Center; Stony Brook University; National Cancer Institute at Frederick; Shu-Te University; Queens College, City University of New York; Instituto Universitario de Oncologia del Principado de Asturias; Stanford University School of Medicine; Van Andel Research Institute; Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; National Human Genome Research Institute; San Raffaele Institute Sulmona; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; Research Center Caesar; Nanjing Agricultural University; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas; Universite de Montpellier; Universiteit Antwerpen; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca; Osaka Prefecture University; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Cork Cancer Research Centre; Vanderbilt University; Dalhousie University; Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam; Yale University; Hospital Ramon y Cajal; Institute Catala Oncologia; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz; Bernhard Nocht Institut fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg; Second Military Medical University; Shandong University; University of Namur; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine; Universita degli Studi di Siena; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; FONDATION ARC POUR LA RECHERCHE SUR LE CANCER; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; International University of Health and Welfare; University of Iowa Healthcare; Plymouth Marine Laboratory; Universidad de Costa Rica; Saitama University; Imperial College London; Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology; Georgetown University Medical Center; IRCCS Saverio de Bellis; University Hospital Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc.; The Wistar Institute; Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza; Tokai University School of Medicine; Kyoto Sangyo University; Tokyo Institute of Technology; University of South Florida, Tampa; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; New York Blood Center; Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; University of Split; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Riken Brain Science Institute; Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo; Jikei University School of Medicine; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona; University of Hawaii at Manoa; University of Athens; Yonsei University Wonju Campus; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; Universita della Calabria; University of Texas at San Antonio; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore; ETH Zurich; VU University Medical Center; Retrovirus endogenes et elements retroides des eucaryotes superieurs; Tel Aviv University; Jules Stein Eye Institute; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Institut Claudius Regaud; Dynamique Des Microtubules En Physiopathologie; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; IRO-Institute for Research in Ophthalmology; University of Florida College of Dentistry; Columbia University in the City of New York; Cornell University; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; The University of British Columbia; Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main; The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Food and Drug Administration; EMD Serono Research Institute; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; University of Waterloo; Wayne State University; University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hopital l'Archet; University of South Carolina; University of Silesia in Katowice; Maastricht University; Taussig Cancer Center; Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf und Medizinische Fakultat; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Charles University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Meikai University; UCL Cancer Institute; CSIC-JA-UPO - Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD); Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Dulbecco Telethon Institute; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine; Stanford University; Jawaharlal Nehru University; Vilniaus universitetas; Gunma University; UniversitatsSpital Zurich; University of Wyoming; Universitatsklinikum Ulm; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet HF; Durham VA Medical Center; INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine; Drexel University College of Medicine; Korea Basic Science Institute; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Jefferson Medical College; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy; NARO Institute of Floricultural Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taipei Medical University; McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Royal North Shore Hospital; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Universitat Bern; Consorzio Mario Negri Sud; The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Mahidol University; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas; Hebei Medical University; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Academy of Athens; UCL; SAIC-Frederick; Instituto Nacional de Cancer; Heinrich Heine Universitat; CASE School of Medicine; Wuhan University; University of the Ryukyus; University of York; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Yokohama City University School of Medicine; University of Exeter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Birmingham; Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria; Okayama University Medical School; University of Cambridge; University of Manchester; University of Southern California; University of Belgrade; UniversitatsSpital Bern; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Jozef Stefan Institute; Francis Marion University; OHSU School of Medicine; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Universiteit Gent; KU Leuven– University Hospital Leuven; Hospital Clinic Barcelona; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; Cardiff University; Texas A and M Institute for Biosciences and Technology; North Shore University Hospital; National Tsing Hua University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Changzheng Hospital; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences - NCMLS; University of Utah, School of Medicine; House Research Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; University of Sheffield; University Health Network University of Toronto; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; University of Southampton; Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Henan University of Technology; University of Kansas Lawrence; Mayo Clinic; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University; OIST Graduate University; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center; Weis Center for Research; University of Shizuoka; INRA Centre de Recherche de Versailles-Grignon; Chosun University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Keio University School of Medicine; Toronto General Research Institute University of Toronto; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan; University of Virginia; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing; Leiden University Medical Center - LUMC; University of Newcastle Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Peking University Health Science Center; University of California, Berkeley; Goteborgs Universitet; Max Planck Institut fur Psychiatrie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice; Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli; The Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Universite de Lyon; Panepistimio Kritis; Santo Tomas University; Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; University of Rzeszow
    In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field. © 2012 Landes Bioscience.
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    High‐calorie, rice‐derived, short‐chain, glucose polymer‐based oral rehydration solution in acute watery diarrhea
    (1995-01-01) E. Lebenthal; Khin‐Maung‐U; Khin‐Myat‐Tun; Tin‐Nu‐Swe; Thein‐Thein‐Myint; P. Jirapinyo; N. Visitsuntorn; R. Ismail; A. Bakri; A. Firmansyah; S. Sunoto; K. Shin; H. Takita; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Drexel University; Yangon Children's Hospital; Mahidol University; Universitas Indonesia; Universitas Sriwijaya; Kitaibaraki Municipal General Hospital
    In this study, we have compared the effects of the World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (WHO ORS) and an ORS containing short polymers of glucose (Amylyte ORS) at a high caloric density (five times) and comparable osmolality, on stool output, duration of diarrhea, weight gain and fluid and electrolyte balance, in randomized, open‐labeled, controlled clinical trials in five centers. A total of 198 male children (4 months to 10 years) with acute diarrhea (<72 h after onset) were assigned by random allocation to either WHO ORS or Amylyte ORS at five centers in Asia. Children were stratified according to grade of dehydration (mild, moderate or severe) and the initial purging rates during the first 6h (low (<2ml/kg/h), moderate (2–5ml/kg/h) and high (>5ml/kg/h) purgers). The clinical characteristics of the children in the two treatment groups were comparable. Amylyte ORS reduced stool volumes significantly in children with severe dehydration (285.4 ± 74.2 versus 75.5 ±20.0 ml/kg; p < 0.05) and in children with a high initial purging rate (200.3 ±42.8 versus 130.5 ± 9.1 ml/kg; p < 0.05). This was accompanied by a significant (276.4 ±14.6 versus 227.6 ± 11.8 ml/kg; p < 0.01) reduction in ORS requirements in the Amylyte ORS treated group, the effect being greatest in children with severe dehydration (491.5 ± 108.5 versus 155.7 ± 27.3 ml/kg; p < 0.01) or high initial purging rates (394.2 ± 66.2 versus 316.8 ± 34.8 ml/kg; p < 0.05). In mild or moderate dehydration and low or moderate purgers, duration of diarrhea in children treated with Amylyte ORS was not reduced. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in duration of diarrhea was found in children with severe dehydration (56.4 ± 1.8 versus 34.0 ± 5.6h) or high purging rates (51.5 ± 7.1 versus 38.2 ± 4.8 h). Significantly (p < 0.0001) greater weight gain (520.3 ± 48.5 g versus 228.5 ± 42.1 g) and percent gain in weight (4.8 ± 0.4% versus 2.3 ± 0.4%) were found in children given Amylyte ORS compared with those given WHO ORS. Amylyte ORS rehydrated children with acute diarrhea, reduced stool volume, duration of diarrhea and ORS requirements in children with severe dehydration or high initial purging rates, and improved weight gain. Amylyte ORS has the advantage of containing short polymers of glucose that provide over five times the calories per liter than the glucose‐based WHO ORS. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved