Browsing by Author "Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden"

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    CTFS-ForestGEO: A worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change
    (2015-01-01) Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira; Stuart J. Davies; Amy C. Bennett; Erika B. Gonzalez-Akre; Helene C. Muller-Landau; S. Joseph Wright; Kamariah Abu Salim; Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Alfonso Alonso; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Yves Basset; Norman A. Bourg; Eben N. Broadbent; Warren Y. Brockelman; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; David F.R.P. Burslem; Nathalie Butt; Min Cao; Dairon Cardenas; George B. Chuyong; Keith Clay; Susan Cordell; Handanakere S. Dattaraja; Xiaobao Deng; Matteo Detto; Xiaojun Du; Alvaro Duque; David L. Erikson; Corneille E.N. Ewango; Gunter A. Fischer; Christine Fletcher; Robin B. Foster; Christian P. Giardina; Gregory S. Gilbert; Nimal Gunatilleke; Savitri Gunatilleke; Zhanqing Hao; William W. Hargrove; Terese B. Hart; Billy C.H. Hau; Fangliang He; Forrest M. Hoffman; Robert W. Howe; Stephen P. Hubbell; Faith M. Inman-Narahari; Patrick A. Jansen; Mingxi Jiang; Daniel J. Johnson; Mamoru Kanzaki; Abdul Rahman Kassim; David Kenfack; Staline Kibet; Margaret F. Kinnaird; Lisa Korte; Kamil Kral; Jitendra Kumar; Andrew J. Larson; Yide Li; Xiankun Li; Shirong Liu; Shawn K.Y. Lum; James A. Lutz; Keping Ma; Damian M. Maddalena; Jean Remy Makana; Yadvinder Malhi; Toby Marthews; Rafizah Mat Serudin; Sean M. Mcmahon; William J. McShea; Hervé R. Memiaghe; Xiangcheng Mi; Takashi Mizuno; Michael Morecroft; Jonathan A. Myers; Vojtech Novotny; Alexandre A. de Oliveira; Perry S. Ong; David A. Orwig; Rebecca Ostertag; Jan den Ouden; Geoffrey G. Parker; Richard P. Phillips; Lawren Sack; Moses N. Sainge; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; National Zoological Park; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM; Stanford University; University of Alabama; National Zoological Park; Wilfrid Laurier University; Mahidol University; National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Thailand; University of Aberdeen; University of Queensland; University of Oxford; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming; Institute of Amazonian Research-Sinchi; University of Buea; Indiana University; USDA Forest Service; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Conservation Forestière (CEFRECOF) Epulu; Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; Forest Research Institute Malaysia; Field Museum of Natural History; University of California, Santa Cruz; University of Peradeniya; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation; The University of Hong Kong; University of Alberta; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Wisconsin Green Bay; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kyoto University; National Museums of Kenya; University of Nairobi; Mpala Research Centre; Wildlife Conservation Society; Silva Tarouca Research Institute; University of Montana; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Institute of Education, Singapore; Utah State University; Wildlife Conservation Society; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Natural England; Washington University in St. Louis; New Guinea Binatang Research Centre; Jihoceska Univerzita v Ceskuch Budejovicich; Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo; University of the Philippines Diliman; Harvard Forest; University of Hawaii at Hilo; Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) Cameroon; Maejo University; National Dong Hwa University; Forest Department Sarawak; University of Toronto; Washington State University Vancouver; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; University of Puerto Rico, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies; Columbia University in the City of New York; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Da Amazonia
    © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25°S-61°N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS-ForestGEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up to ±30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8 g N m-2 yr-1 and 3.1 g S m-2 yr-1), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS-ForestGEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS-ForestGEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.
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    Labellar anatomy of the Nervilia plicata complex (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) in tropical Asia
    (2019-04-01) Kanapol Ketjarun; Paweena Traiperm; Somran Suddee; Santi Watthana; Stephan W. Gale; National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Thailand; Suranaree University of Technology; Mahidol University; Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden
    © 2019, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Nervilia plicata is a morphologically variable terrestrial orchid with a wide geographic range in tropical Asia. Several forms have previously been recognised as distinct taxa due primarily to differences in the size, outline and colour of perianth parts. As a first step towards understanding the links between floral polymorphism, pollination ecology and genetic differentiation within the N. plicata complex, we sought to ascertain whether distinct colour morphs in 18 populations in Thailand and South China were correlated with discrete differentiation in macro- or micromorphological characters. Perianth morphology was studied in the field and under stereomicroscopy, and labellum anatomy was examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Phenetic analyses comprising Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) of 16 characters revealed four clusters representing distinct floral morphs — pink morph with small, entire labellum; purple morph with large, undulate labellum; white and yellow morph with large, entire labellum; and white and yellow morph with small, entire labellum — among which the size, shape, density and periclinal wall surface of dome-shaped papillae in the secretory zone of the labellar adaxial epidermis varied discontinuously. Our results provide evidence of micromorphological differentiation among N. plicata populations in parts of tropical Asia. Pollinator observations and analyses of genetic diversity are required to establish whether this variation is of any ecological, evolutionary or taxonomic significance.
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    Re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of Hackelochloa (Poaceae) based on anatomical and phenetic analyses
    (2016-06-01) Watchara Arthan; Paweena Traiperm; Stephan W. Gale; Monthon Norsaengsri; Lalita Kethirun; Mahidol University; Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; Maejo University
    © 2016 The Linnean Society of London. Hackelochloa is a pantropical genus of plant in the Poaceae, in which only two species have been included, H. granularis and H. porifera. Despite several morphological differences, notably the more prominent sculpturing of the lower glume and the larger dimensions of several quantitative traits, H. porifera has been reduced to the synonymy of H. granularis. Moreover, the status of the genus itself has been questioned, with a regional revision of the genus proposing inclusion of its members in the genus Mnesithea. In the present study, we investigated a range of morphological and anatomical attributes to assess critically the generic delimitation between Hackelochloa and Mnesithea. In clustering analysis, H. granularis, H. porifera and Mnesithea species were clearly resolved as three distinct groups with an R-value of 0.98114. Likewise, three clusters representing these taxonomic units were revealed using principal component analysis (PCA), with the first two principal components highlighting key qualitative and quantitative characters. Scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal different patterns of sculpturing on the lower glumes in the two putative species and the ecological significance of these differences is inferred. The outline of leaf transverse sections, presence of parenchymatous tissue in the midrib region, number of adjacent bundles and number of chlorenchyma layers in the culm were also found to be diagnostic anatomical characters. This study supports the recognition of H. porifera as distinct from H. granularis and provides evidence that the genus Hackelochloa should be maintained.