Browsing by Author "Koennonkok K."

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    Hourly measurement of cosmic ray anisotropy by LHAASO WCDA at ∼1 TeV: Effects of an interplanetary flux rope during 2021 November
    (2024-09-27) Koennonkok K.; Ruffolo D.; Mitthumsiri W.; Liu W.; Koennonkok K.; Mahidol University
    Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are known to affect the intensity and anisotropy of Galactic cosmic rays of energies up to ∼100 GeV, but effects at higher energies have rarely been reported. Here we analyze data from the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), and in particular its Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), which has been in full operation since March 2021. WCDA is sensitive to primary cosmic rays above about 100 GeV with a wide field of view (FOV), from which we select events within 45 degrees of the zenith. We normalize cosmic ray skymaps relative to a monthly average. Then for each hour of data, we express the cosmic ray anisotropy as the gradient of the excess cosmic ray rate over the FOV. For the ICME passage of 2021 Nov 4-5, a strong anisotropy was recently reported in data from muon detectors and neutron monitors. We present evidence for an enhanced anisotropy in LHAASO-WCDA data during that time period, for primary cosmic ray energy ranges both below and above 1 TeV.
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    Solar Monitoring by Ions of Light Elements (SMILE) Payload Prototype and Validation by Altitude Surveys of Cosmic Ray Fluxes
    (2025-12-30) Lakronwat J.; Amratisha K.; Banglieng C.; Bubpawan T.; Burom S.; Chaiwongkhot K.; Janmaneeporn A.; Khuanpet N.; Koennonkok K.; Mitthumsiri W.; Nontapa S.; Pattarakijwanich P.; Puprasit K.; Ruffolo D.; Sáiz A.; Saowanit G.; Sophonamphonsucha W.; Lakronwat J.; Mahidol University
    Solar Monitoring with Ions of Light Elements (SMILE) is a space-based charged particle detector payload using the ΔE–E technique on the dual 3U CubeSat mission called SMILING. The objectives of the SMILE payload are to measure the variation of cosmic rays depending on magnetic latitude and asymptotic direction and monitor the temporal variations of solar energetic particle and Galactic cosmic ray flux. The payload prototype comprises plastic scintillator fibers to measure the direction of incoming ions. We use a silicon PIN detector as a ΔE detector to measure the energy deposited by penetrating particles, while BGO scintillators of varying thickness were chosen to detect the total energy of the incoming charged particles (E). A bottom plastic scintillator was designed to be the anti-coincidence detector and cover the angular acceptance of the penetrating particles. In this work, we focus on testing the SMILE prototype to confirm the payload’s functionality for space flight. Detector signals were calibrated from radioactive sources as well as cosmic rays and secondaries in Earth’s atmosphere. High-altitude cosmic ray surveys using short-term balloon flights and various locations on Doi Inthanon, Thailand’s highest mountain, were conducted to test the instrument’s capability to measure particle fluxes over a wide energy range. We will report experimental results on cosmic ray flux variation with altitude, along with the SMILE prototype’s geometrical acceptance and estimated cosmic ray count rates at different altitudes from Geant4 simulations. Comparison of experimental and simulation results verifies that the hardware system performs as expected.
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    Technical Design of the first Thai Space Consortium Satellite (TSC-1) and its Polar Orbiting Ion Spectrometer Experiment (POISE) Payload
    (2025-12-30) Burom S.; Amratisha K.; Banglieng C.; Chaiwongkhot K.; Khuanpet N.; Koennonkok K.; Lakronwat J.; Meemak P.; Prabket J.; Puprasit K.; Ruffolo D.; Sangthon A.; Burom S.; Mahidol University
    TSC-1 is the first Thai scientific research mission on a microsatellite, which has been designed and developed by the Thai Space Consortium. The satellite is planned to operate in Sun-synchronous Earth orbit at 500 - 600 km altitude and should be launch ready at the end of 2026. All design, construction, system integration, and testing are to be carried out in Thailand. The payloads include a Hyperspectral Imaging Camera and the Polar Orbiting Ion Spectrometer Experiment (POISE). The POISE detector is developed to characterize energetic ions for space weather monitoring. It uses the ΔE-E technique, comprising semiconductor detectors based on P-I-N junction parts designed and fabricated by Thai engineers and researchers, which in later versions will be combined with standard commercial parts (PIPs and silicon strip detectors) for benchmarking purposes. We will summarize the overall plan of TSC-1 and POISE, including the technical design, scientific concepts, geometrical acceptance, design of compact charge sensitive preamplifiers, and evaluation of the electronic dead-time of the data acquisition system. Radiation testing results for the engineering model prototype will also be presented.