Browsing by Author "Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine"

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    Characterization of the atypical lymphocyte in dengue hemorrhagic fever compared with dengue-like syndrome
    (2004) Wipawee Usawattanakul; วิภาวี อุษาวัฒนากูล; Kevalin Vongthoung; Akanitt Jittmittraphap; อกนิษฐ์ จิตต์มิตรภาพ; Kriengsak Limkittikul; เกรียงศักดิ์ ลิมป์กิตติกุล; Surapon Worapongpaiboon; Ampaiwan Chuansumrit; Uraiwan Tarunotai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
    The blood samples from 49 DHF, 25 DF, and 26 DLS were used to demonstrate atypical lymphocyte count and cellular immune activation, and to evaluate the proportion of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD69+, CD87+ and TDT+ cells during the acute phase of dengue illness, by flow cytometry. The statistical methods used were the ttest, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation test and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results revealed that the mean number of total atypical lymphocytes was higher in patients with DHF (916.1±685.6 cells/µl) than in those with DLS (310.5±181.4 cells/µl, p<0.05), and patients with DF had higher atypical lymphocytes (876.2±801.9 cells/µl) than DLS (310.5±181.4 cells/µl, p<0.05), but there were no differences between counts in patients with DHF and DF. In a ROC plot of the atypical lymphocyte, the selected cut-off value was 10 because it gave good sensitivity and specificity (50% and 86%). The mean percentage of CD4+ T cells was significantly reduced in DHF patients, but not significantly different in DHF patients compared with DF and DLS patients. The mean absolute count of CD19+ B cells in DHF (615±577 cells/µl) and DF (478±369 cells/µl) was significantly higher than DLS (246±169 cells/µl, p<0.05). A CD19 count of e” 15% or 20% could distinguish DF/DHF from DLS, with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 50% if the CD19 was e” 15%, and a sensitivity of 49% and specificity of 85% if the CD19 was e” 20%. The atypical lymphocytes, CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD69+ lymphocytes had significant correlation coefficientsr=0.403 and –0.241, respectively. The atypical lymphocyte had a linear positive correlation with the CD19+ B lymphocyte and a negative correlation with the CD69+ lymphocyte, at á=0.01. The percent of cells expressing CD69 was more increased on CD8+ T cells than CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, respectively. However the absolute count of CD69 expressed on all lymphocytes was higher than the absolute count of CD69 on total B and T lymphocytes. The atypical lymphocyte cell could not be differentiated from the lymphocyte by morphology only, but perhaps from NK cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the roles of NK cells in the pathogenesis of dengue viral infection.
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    Clinical manifestations and outcome of mycobacterium tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS patients
    (2001) Nimfa M Putong; Huot Chan Yuda; Punnee Pitisuttithum; พรรณี ปิติสุทธิธรรม; Wichai Supanaranond; วิชัย สุภนรานนท์; Benjaluck Phonrat; เบญจลักษณ์ ผลรัตน์; Somsit Tansuphawadikul; Udomsak Silachamroon; อุดมศักดิ์ ศิลาจำรูญ; Vallai Bassaratid; Nalinee Aswapokee; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
    The most explosive AIDS pandemic in ASIA and the world are India and Thailand while the most common opportunistic infection among HIV patients in most developing countries like Thailand is tuberculosis (TB). A one year retrospective study was done in Bamrasnaradura Hospital, Nonthaburi Province, Bangkok, Thailand among 271 subjects with dual infections of TB and HIV. The most common clinical manifestations were cough, weight lost, low grade fever, lymphadenopathy and chest infiltrates. These findings were also frequent manifestations of several other opportunistic infections other than TB and HIV. Disseminated TB occurred in 45.4% followed by pulmonary (35.4%) and extra-pulmonary TB (19.2%). Drug resistance to anti-TB regimen was quite alarming particularly MDR-TB (26.7%). MDR-TB among HIV patients was associated with past history of anti-TB treatment (p=0.005), disseminated TB (p=0.022) and mortality (p=0.013). Clinical outcome showed that lost to follow-up occurred in 46.7% and death in 13.3%. Among those who survived, only 11.4% was successfully treated while the rest did not improve because of relapsed (2,9%) and failure (8.8%) while the remaining 5.9% were continuing treatment and another 10.7% had incomplete treatment.
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    International collaborations
    (2012) Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine; Sethavudh Kaewviset; Jessica Friend; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
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    Japanese encephalitis virus encephalitis : an overview
    (1989) Prasert Thongcharoen; ประเสริฐ ทองเจริญ; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
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    Mathematical modeling of mixed plasmodium vivas-plasmodium falciparum infections
    (1999) Mason, Daniel Philippe; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
    Mathematical modeling serves many uses in biology, especially to explore phenomena that are difficult to measure empirically. Hear, I discuss recent progress in modeling the bloodstage dynamics of mixed Plasmodium vivax-Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections. The model reproduces features of such infections found in nature and reports several observations which merit clinical attention, indluding the potential recrudescence of a low – level P. falciparum infectioo following a P.vivax infection to reduce the peak parasitemia of a P.falciparum superinfection, The model can can be used to simulate the administration of antimalarial drugs, and illustrates some potential complications in treating mixed-species malaria infections. Most notably, if a mixed-species infection is misdiagnosed as a single-species P. vivax infection treatment can lead to the dangerous appearance of “hidden” P. falciparum
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    Polymorphism of CD36 in Thai malaria patients
    (2001) Kazuya Omi; Jun Ohashi; Izumi Naka; Jintana Patarapotikul; จินตนา ภัทรโพธิกุล; Hathairad Hananantachai; หทัยรัชต์ หาญอนันตชัย; Sornchai Looareesuwan; ศรชัย หลูอารีย์สุวรรณ; Katsushi Tokunaga; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
    CD36 is an 88 kD glycoprotein involved in the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells. CD36 deficiency is expected to be protective against malaria infection, since adhesion of infected erythrocytes to CD36 contributes to sequestering infected erythrocytes and inhibiting the immune response to malaria parasites. And individuals deficient in CD36 expression are phenotypically normal. Several polymorphisms causing CD36 deficiency have been reported to date , In Africa, the T1264G stop mutation in exon 10 is known as a major cause of CD36 deficiency. Recently, the 1264G allele was found to be associated with protection from severe malaria in Africa, although there is a contradictory report showing a susceptibility of 1264G allele to the severity of malaria. However, a polymorphism of CD36 has not been studied well in Asian malaria patients. In this study, exon 10 of CD 36 was investigated in malaria patients living in the northwest of Thailand, by a PCR-direct sequencing analysis. Our results revealed that none of 52 Thai malaria patients have the 1264G allele, the frequency of which is around 10% in African populations. Instead, a novel synonymous substitution (phe-phe), T1168C, was found in exon 10. The frequencies of a minor allele 1168C in 26 mild malaria and in 26 cerebral malaria patients were 3.8% (2/52) and 5.8% (3/52), respectively. A further variation in other exons and promoter region of CD36 is under investigation.
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    A possible association between FCGR polymorphisms and severity of malaria in Thai
    (2002) Omi, Kazuya; Ohashi, Jun; Jintana Patarapotikul; จินตนา ภัทรโพธิกุล; Hathairad Hananantachai; หทัยรัชต์ หาญอนันตชัย; Naka, Izumi; Sornchai Looareesuwan; ศรชัย หลูอารีย์สุวรรณ; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine
    Human Fcγ receptor (FCGR) genes form a clustered gene family on chromosome 1q23, that consists of FCGRIA, IIB, IIC, IIIA, and IIIB genes. We previously reported that the FCGRIIA-131H/H genotype in combination with the FCGRIIIB-NA2 allele is associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria, while such an association can be caused by linkage disequilibrium (LD) between these polymorphisms and the primary associated gene (s) in this region. FCGRIIIA is known to exhibit genetic polymorphism, FCGRIIIA- 176F/V, coding for different affinity to IgG1 and IgG3. In this study, we examined a possible association of FCGRIIIA-176F/V polymorphism with the severity of malaria in 462 adult Thai patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The frequencies of the FCGRIIIA-176V among patients with mild malaria, with non-cerebral severe malaria, and with cerebral malaria were 32.7%, 29.9%, and 36.6%, respectively. This polymorphism showed neither positive nor negative association with the severity of malaria. Thus, we conclude that the association of FCGRIIA-131H/R and FcgRIIIB-NA1/NA2 polymorphisms with cerebral malaria in Thailand is not due to the LD with FCGRIIIA-176F/V.
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    Prevalence survey for zoonotic trematodes in nghia phu and nghia lac communes, nam dinh province, vietnam, 2005
    (2005) Dung, Do; Jitra Waikagul; จิตรา ไวคกุล; De, Nguyen; Murrell, K Darwin; Dalsgaard, Anders; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical medicine; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Helminthology
    In April and May 2005, we conducted a survey in two communes in Nam Dinh Province, southeast of Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 615 people including 563 men (91.5%) and 52 women (8.5%) were selected for stool examination. Based on the results of the fecal exams, using the Kato-Katz technique, a total of 554 (90.1%) people were positive for helminth eggs, including 5 types. Trichuris trrichiura eggs were found in 74.5% of stool samples, while 64.9% of the people were infected with small trematodes and 39.5% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Hookworm and large trematode eggs were infrequent. Overall, 90.1% of these selected populations (mostly males) were infected with at least one type of helminth parasite. Mixed infections were common; most infected people harbored two types of parasite eggs (42.3%) but only 1.6% had four types of parasite eggs. Of the 563 males examined, 387 (68.7%) were found positive with small trematode eggs, which could not be speciated because of the morphological similarity of eggs of liver flukes such as Clonorchis sinensis and the minute intestinal flukes (Heterophyidae). Of 52 females examined, only 12 were positive (23.1%). The infection rate of trematodes, was highest among males and females in the older age group; the lowest was in the 40 and under age group. In the majority of the patients with small trematode eggs, the infection intensity was low, based upon eggs per gram of feces: about 86.2% had a low intensity of less than <1,000 epg feces and about 13.8% had a moderate infection intensity of less than <1,000-9,999 epg. None had a high intensity rate (>10,000 epg). Ascaris lumbricoides infections showed. There were no differences among age and gender groups with regard to A. lumbricoides infections. No age differences were discerned with these data on T.trichiura infections, but a larger sample is needed in order to be conclusive.