Browsing by Author "Patrick Kolsteren"

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    Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: A pooled country analysis
    (2013-06-07) Joanne Katz; Anne C.C. Lee; Naoko Kozuki; Joy E. Lawn; Simon Cousens; Hannah Blencowe; Majid Ezzati; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Tanya Marchant; Barbara A. Willey; Linda Adair; Fernando Barros; Abdullah H. Baqui; Parul Christian; Wafaie Fawzi; Rogelio Gonzalez; Jean Humphrey; Lieven Huybregts; Patrick Kolsteren; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Luke C. Mullany; Richard Ndyomugyenyi; Jyh Kae Nien; David Osrin; Dominique Roberfroid; Ayesha Sania; Christentze Schmiegelow; Mariangela F. Silveira; James Tielsch; Anjana Vaidya; Sithembiso C. Velaphi; Cesar G. Victora; Deborah Watson-Jones; Robert E. Black; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Save the Children USA; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Imperial College London; The Aga Khan University; The University of North Carolina System; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Centro; Harvard School of Public Health; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Clinica Santa Maria; Zvitambo; Universiteit Gent; Prins Leopold Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde; Mahidol University; Uganda Ministry of Health; Clinica Davila; Universidad de los Andes, Santiago; UCL Institute of Child Health; George Washington University; Kobenhavns Universitet; Copenhagen University Hospital; University of Witwatersrand; National Institutes of Medical Research
    Background Babies with low birthweight (<2500 g) are at increased risk of early mortality. However, low birthweight includes babies born preterm and with fetal growth restriction, and not all these infants have a birthweight less than 2500 g. We estimated the neonatal and infant mortality associated with these two characteristics in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods For this pooled analysis, we searched all available studies and identified 20 cohorts (providing data for 2015019 livebirths) from Asia, Africa, and Latin America that recorded data for birthweight, gestational age, and vital statistics through 28 days of life. Study dates ranged from 1982 through to 2010. We calculated relative risks (RR) and risk differences (RD) for mortality associated with preterm birth (<32 weeks, 32 weeks to <34 weeks, 34 weeks to <37 weeks), small-for-gestational-age (SGA; babies with birthweight in the lowest third percentile and between the third and tenth percentile of a US reference population), and preterm and SGA combinations. Findings Pooled overall RRs for preterm were 6·82 (95% CI 3·56-13·07) for neonatal mortality and 2·50 (1·48-4·22) for post-neonatal mortality. Pooled RRs for babies who were SGA (with birthweight in the lowest tenth percentile of the reference population) were 1·83 (95% CI 1·34-2·50) for neonatal mortality and 1·90 (1·32-2·73) for post-neonatal mortality. The neonatal mortality risk of babies who were both preterm and SGA was higher than that of babies with either characteristic alone (15·42; 9·11-26·12). Interpretation Many babies in low-income and middle-income countries are SGA. Preterm birth affects a smaller number of neonates than does SGA, but is associated with a higher mortality risk. The mortality risks associated with both characteristics extend beyond the neonatal period. Differentiation of the burden and risk of babies born preterm and SGA rather than with low birthweight could guide prevention and management strategies to speed progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4 - the reduction of child mortality. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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    National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010
    (2013-09-01) Anne C.C. Lee; Joanne Katz; Hannah Blencowe; Simon Cousens; Naoko Kozuki; Joshua P. Vogel; Linda Adair; Abdullah H. Baqui; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Laura E. Caulfield; Parul Christian; Siân E. Clarke; Majid Ezzati; Wafaie Fawzi; Rogelio Gonzalez; Lieven Huybregts; Simon Kariuki; Patrick Kolsteren; John Lusingu; Tanya Marchant; Mario Merialdi; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Luke C. Mullany; James Ndirangu; Marie Louise Newell; Jyh Kae Nien; David Osrin; Dominique Roberfroid; Heather E. Rosen; Ayesha Sania; Mariangela F. Silveira; James Tielsch; Anjana Vaidya; Barbara A. Willey; Joy E. Lawn; Robert E. Black; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Brigham and Women's Hospital; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Western Australia; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; The Aga Khan University; Imperial College London; Harvard School of Public Health; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Universiteit Gent; Prins Leopold Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya; National Institute Medical Research; Mahidol University; University of KwaZulu-Natal; UCL Institute of Child Health; Universidad de los Andes, Santiago; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services; Save the Children USA
    Background: National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweight (<2500 g), in 138 countries of low and middle income in 2010. Methods: Small for gestational age was defined as lower than the 10th centile for fetal growth from the 1991 US national reference population. Data from 22 birth cohort studies (14 low-income and middle-income countries) and from the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (23 countries) were used to model the prevalence of term-SGA births. Prevalence of preterm-SGA infants was calculated from meta-analyses. Findings: In 2010, an estimated 32·4 million infants were born small for gestational age in low-income and middle-income countries (27% of livebirths), of whom 10·6 million infants were born at term and low birthweight. The prevalence of term-SGA babies ranged from 5·3% of livebirths in east Asia to 41·5% in south Asia, and the prevalence of preterm-SGA infants ranged from 1·2% in north Africa to 3·0% in southeast Asia. Of 18 million low-birthweight babies, 59% were term-SGA and 41% were preterm-SGA. Two-thirds of small-for-gestational-age infants were born in Asia (17·4 million in south Asia). Preterm-SGA babies totalled 2·8 million births in low-income and middle-income countries. Most small-for-gestational-age infants were born in India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Interpretation: The burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia. Implementation of effective interventions for babies born too small or too soon is an urgent priority to increase survival and reduce disability, stunting, and non-communicable diseases. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG). © 2013 Lee et al.