Browsing by Author "Stanley G. Fenwick"

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    The economic impact of pig-associated parasitic zoonosis in Northern Lao PDR
    (2013-03-01) Adnan Ali Khan Choudhury; James V. Conlan; Vanessa Nadine Racloz; Simon Andrew Reid; Stuart D. Blacksell; Stanley G. Fenwick; Andrew R.C. Thompson; Boualam Khamlome; Khamphouth Vongxay; Maxine Whittaker; University of Queensland; Murdoch University; Mahidol University; Churchill Hospital; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
    The parasitic zoonoses human cysticercosis (Taenia solium), taeniasis (other Taenia species) and trichinellosis (Trichinella species) are endemic in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study was designed to quantify the economic burden pig-associated zoonotic disease pose in Lao PDR. In particular, the analysis included estimation of the losses in the pork industry as well as losses due to human illness and lost productivity. A Markov-probability based decision-tree model was chosen to form the basis of the calculations to estimate the economic and public health impacts of taeniasis, trichinellosis and cysticercosis. Two different decision trees were run simultaneously on the model's human cohort. A third decision tree simulated the potential impacts on pig production. The human capital method was used to estimate productivity loss. The results found varied significantly depending on the rate of hospitalisation due to neurocysticerosis. This study is the first systematic estimate of the economic impact of pig-associated zoonotic diseases in Lao PDR that demonstrates the significance of the diseases in that country. © 2013 International Association for Ecology and Health.
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    Patterns of flavivirus seroprevalence in the human population of northern Laos
    (2015-11-04) James V. Conlan; Khamphouth Vongxay; Boualam Khamlome; Richard G. Jarman; Robert V. Gibbons; Stanley G. Fenwick; R. C.A. Thompson; Stuart D. Blacksell; Murdoch University; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Ministry of Health; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand; Mahidol University; Churchill Hospital
    A total of 1,136 samples from 289 households in four provinces in northern Laos were subjected to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus hemagglutination inhibition (DENV HI). Overall, antibodies to JEV were detected by HI in 620 (54.6%) of 1,136 people; of which 217 (19.1%) had HI activity against JEV only. Antibodies to DENV4 were detected by HI in 526 (46.3%) of 1,136 people; of which 124 (10.9%) had HI activity against DENV4 only. Antibodies to DENV1-3 were detected by HI in 296 (26.1%), 274 (24.1%), and 283 (24.9) of 1,136 people, respectively; of which 7, 1, and 0, respectively, had HI activity against DENV1-3 only. JEV was the most prevalent Flavivirus in Oudomxay, Luangprabang, and Huaphan provinces and DENV4 was the most prevalent in Xiengkhouang province. Seroprevalence for JEV increased with increasing age and wealth and was higher in villages where rice was cultivated in paddy fields and highest for people of Lao-Tai ethnicity.