Browsing by Author "Suwannee Phayuhasena"

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    Biology of black flies (Simulium) at Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand
    (Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 1998) Suwannee Phayuhasena; Chaliow Kuvangkadilok; Visut Baimai
    In the present study, morphotaxonomy, distribution and cytogenetics of the black fly larvae were studied. The larvae of black flies were collected from various localities at 400-2,500 meters above sea level of Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiangmai province. A total of 17 species including 13 known species, three unnamed species and one new species, were identified and placed into several species-groups within 6 subgenera of the genus Simulium Latreille s.1. Their distribution seems to correlate with altitudes. Different species were found at different altitudes with various habitats. The six species of Simulium, S. caudisclerum, S. feuerborni, S. fenestratum, S. nakhonense, S. rufibasis and S species G, cytologically studied here have three pairs of chromosomes (2N=6) and their arrangement are species-specific. A total of six paracentric inversions distributed in five chromosome arms have been detected in natural populations of S. feuerborni. Significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has been observed in inversion IIIL-1. There is no indication of sex linkage associated with any inversion sequence in these populations. Study of C-banding patterns of larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the above species using C-banding technique revealed interspecific and intraspecific differences. These differences were in respect to the amount and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. Moreover, band 84B2 of the chromosome arm IIIL of S. nakhonense is sex-linked C+ heterochromatin which may mark the X or Y chromosome. It is possible that the sex determining system in S. nakhonense is heterogametic in female (XY) and homogametic in male (XX).
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    Distribution of the larvae of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) at Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand
    (1999-06-01) Chaliow Kuvangkadilok; Chainarong Boonkemtong; Suwannee Phayuhasena; Mahidol University; Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
    The larvae of seventeen Simulium species consisting of thirteen known species, three unnamed species and one new species were distributed in various localities with different habitats at 400 - 2,460 meters above sea level in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Simulium caudisclerum, S. sp G and S. sp H were restricted to the high altitude of 2,460 m at the cool Ang Kha habitat of the summit of Doi Inthanon. On the other hand, 5. nakhonense and S. rudnicki occurred only at low altitudes from 400 m - 700 m. Some Simulium species such as S. fenestratum, S. asakoae, S. inthanonense and S. sp J were found in the warmer localities at 1,010 m - 1,280 m altitudes. Moreover, S. feuerborni and S. rufibasis were widely distributed species at different altitudes from 700 m - 2,460 m and 1,010 m - 2,300 m respectively. Therefore, the distribution and abundance of Simulium species seem to correlate with altitudes as well as micro-habitat factors such as water temperature and water velocity.
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    Larval polytene chromosomes of black flies (Simulium) from Thailand: I. Comparison among five species in the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein
    (2003-05-01) Chaliow Kuvangkadilok; Chainarong Boonkemtong; Suwannee Phayuhasena; Visut Baimai; Mahidol University; Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
    Larval polytene chromosome maps of Simulium (G.) asakoae and S. (G.) sp. g in the ceylonicum-group and S. (G.) angulistylum, S. (G.) decuplum and S. (G.) siamense in the batoense-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia from Thailand are presented. These species have three pairs of chromosomes (2n = 6). Light stained centromeric bands were observed in the chromosomes of S. (G.) asakoae, S. (G.) sp. g, S. (G.) decuplum and S. (G.) siamense, whereas heavy dark centromeric bands were present in S. (G.) angulistylum. The best distinguishing character of Simulium species in the subgenus Gomphostilbia is the position of the nucleolar organizer in the short arm of chromosome I. The Ring of Balbiani and the double bubble are located in chromosome arm IIS in all species except for S. (G.) angulistylum, which showed these cytological markers in chromosome arm IIIS. A low chromosomal polymorphism was recorded in all species except for S. (G.) sp. g, which exhibited a standard polytene chromosome. Inversion polymorphisms found in this study conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and were not associated with sex. These species have different specific markers and banding patterns although homologous banding sequences were found in chromosome arm IIS in S. (G.) asakoae, S. (G.) sp. g, S. (G.) decuplum and S. (G.) siamense and chromosome arm IIIS in S. (G.) angulistylum. Our results showed no evidence of a sibling species complex within any taxon.
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    Larval polytene chromosomes of five species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand
    (1999-01-01) Chaliow Kuvangkadilok; Suwannee Phayuhasena; Chainarong Boonkemtong; Mahidol University; Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency
    The standard photographic maps of five blackfly species from northern Thailand: i.e., Simulium (Nevermannia) caudisclerum, S. (Simulium) fenestratum, S. (S.) nakhonense, S. (S.) rufibasis and S. (Montisimulium) sp. G were constructed from larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes and are described herein. All the five species have three pairs of chromosomes (2n=6) which are arranged from the longest to the shortest. Chromosome I of all species are metacentric while most of the chromosome II and III are submetacentric. The centromeric regions of all chromosomes of S. (S.) nakhonense and S. (S.) rufibasis were expanded whereas the heavy centromeric bands were presented in S. (N.) caudisclerum, S. (S.) fenestratum and S. (M.) sp. G. The nucleolar organizer of S. (N.) caudisclerum, S. (S.) fenestratum, S. (S.) nakhonense and S. (M.) sp. G is situated near the centromeric band of chromosome I. On the other hand, S. (S.) rufibasis has the nucleolar organizer on chromosome II. The Balbiani ring and double bubble are located near the tip of short arm of chromosome III in all species except for S. (S.) fenestratum, in which they are detected on chromosome II. Moreover, two types of B chromosomes and pseudochromocenters were also found in some larvae of S. (S.) nakhonense. There are no inversion polymorphisms detected in wild populations of these species. The five Simulium species have specific and fixed standard banding sequences which are different among species, although some banding sequences in chromosome arm IIIS show homology.
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    Phylogenetic relationships among the black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand based on multiple gene sequences
    (2010-06-01) Suwannee Phayuhasena; Donald J. Colgan; Chaliow Kuvangkadilok; Pairot Pramual; Visut Baimai; Mahidol University; Australian Museum; Mahasarakham University
    Simulium is a very speciose genus of the black fly family Simuliidae that includes many important pests of humans and animals. Cytotaxonomic and morphological studies have made substantial progress in Simulium systematics. 16S rRNA and ITS-1 DNA sequence studies have assisted this progress. Intensive multi-gene molecular systematic investigations will, however, be required for a comprehensive understanding of the genus' taxonomy and evolution. Our research was conducted to investigate the relationships of Thai Simulium at the subgeneric, species group and species levels. We also examined the possibility of using mitochondrial DNA sequences to facilitate Simulium species identification. Data were collected from three mitochondrial genes (COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA) and two segments of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (the D1 to D2 and the D4 expansion regions). The subgenera Simulium and Gomphostilbia were monophyletic in most analyses. Nevermannia included Montisimulium but was otherwise monophyletic in multigene analyses. In most analyses, Simulium and Nevermannia were more closely related to each other than to Gomphostilbia which was usually basal. Species groups were generally monophyletic. Within Gomphostilbia, however, the batoense species group was always paraphyletic to the other two species groups found in Thailand. Three species groups in Simulium were not monophyletic. The tendency to gill filament number reduction for some species groups in the subgenus Simulium was associated with a derived position in multigene analyses. Most species were monophyletic with two exceptions that probably represent species complexes and will present difficulties for rapid mitochondrial DNA identification. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010.