Browsing by Author "Yang Z.S."

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    Boosting the detection performance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test through a sensitive optical biosensor with new superior antibody
    (2022-01-01) Lin C.Y.; Wang W.H.; Li M.C.; Lin Y.T.; Yang Z.S.; Urbina A.N.; Assavalapsakul W.; Thitithanyanont A.; Chen K.R.; Kuo C.C.; Lin Y.X.; Hsiao H.H.; Lin K.D.; Lin S.Y.; Chen Y.H.; Yu M.L.; Su L.C.; Wang S.F.; Mahidol University
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus emerged in late 2019 leading to the COVID-19 disease pandemic that triggered socioeconomic turmoil worldwide. A precise, prompt, and affordable diagnostic assay is essential for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its variants. Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was reported as a suitable strategy for therapy and diagnosis of COVID-19. We, therefore, developed a quick and precise phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (PS-SPR) biosensor integrated with a novel generated anti-S monoclonal antibody (S-mAb). Our results indicated that the newly generated S-mAb could detect the original SARS-CoV-2 strain along with its variants. In addition, a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, which could be processed in BSL-2 facility was generated for evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the assays including PS-SPR, homemade target-captured ELISA, spike rapid antigen test (SRAT), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Experimentally, PS-SPR exerted high sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus at 589 copies/ml, with 7-fold and 70-fold increase in sensitivity when compared with the two conventional immunoassays, including homemade target-captured ELISA (4 × 103 copies/ml) and SRAT (4 × 104 copies/ml), using the identical antibody. Moreover, the PS-SPR was applied in the measurement of mimic clinical samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus mixed with nasal mucosa. The detection limit of PS-SPR is calculated to be 1725 copies/ml, which has higher accuracy than homemade target-captured ELISA (4 × 104 copies/ml) and SRAT (4 × 105 copies/ml) and is comparable with qRT-PCR (1250 copies/ml). Finally, the ability of PS-SPR to detect SARS-CoV-2 in real clinical specimens was further demonstrated, and the assay time was less than 10 min. Taken together, our results indicate that this novel S-mAb integrated into PS-SPR biosensor demonstrates high sensitivity and is time-saving in SARS-CoV-2 virus detection. This study suggests that incorporation of a high specific recognizer in SPR biosensor is an alternative strategy that could be applied in developing other emerging or re-emerging pathogenic detection platforms.
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    DC-SIGN and Galectin-3 individually and collaboratively regulate H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza A virus infection via interaction with viral envelope hemagglutinin protein
    (2023-05-17) Yang Z.S.; Wang W.H.; Lin Y.T.; Lin C.Y.; Urbina A.N.; Thitithanyanont A.; Lu P.L.; Chen Y.H.; Wang S.F.; Mahidol University
    DC-SIGN and Galectin-3 are two different lectins and have been reported to participate in regulation of several virus infections. WHO has pointed that H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) play continuous threats to global health. AIV hemagglutinin (HA) protein-a highly glycosylated protein-mediates influenza infection and was proposed to have DC-SIGN and Gal3 interactive domains. This study aims to address the individual and collaborative roles of DC-SIGN and Gal3 toward AIVs infection. Firstly, A549 cells with DC-SIGN expression or Gal3-knockdown, via lentiviral vector-mediated CD209 gene expression or LGALS-3 gene knockdown, respectively were generated. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results indicated that DC-SIGN expression and Gal3 knockdown in A549 cells significantly promoted and ameliorated HA or NP gene expression, respectively after H5N1 and H7N9-reverse genetics (RG) virus postinfections (P < 0.05). Similar results observed in immunoblotting, indicating that DC-SIGN expression significantly facilitated H5N1-RG and H7N9-RG infections (P < 0.05), whereas Gal3 knockdown significantly reduced both viral infections (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that DC-SIGN and Gal3 co-expression significantly enhanced infectivity of both H5N1-RG and H7N9-RG viruses (P < 0.01) and higher regulatory capabilities by DC-SIGN and Gal3 in H5N1-RG than H7N9-RG were noted. The promoting effect mainly relied on exogenous Gal3 and DC-SIGN directly interacting with the HA protein of H5N1 or H7N9 AIVs, subsequently enhancing virus infection. This study sheds light on two different lectins individually and collaboratively regulating H5N1 and H7N9 AIVs infection and suggests that inhibitors against DC-SIGN and Gal3 interacting with HA could be utilized as alternative antiviral strategies.
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    Towards cost-effective and lightweight surface plasmon resonance biosensing for H5N1 avian influenza virus detection: Integration of novel near-infrared organic photodetectors
    (2024-02-01) Huang Y.C.; Wang S.F.; Chen B.C.; Yang Z.S.; Li M.C.; Wu X.Y.; Youh M.J.; Chou H.Y.; Lin Y.X.; Assavalapsakul W.; Thitithanyanont A.; Su L.C.; Mahidol University
    H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) persists in causing highly fatal human infections, demanding rapid and accurate diagnostic assessment. In this study, we introduce an intensity-based SPR sensor utilizing NIR wavelength excitation in tandem with a specifically engineered NIR-OPD. The active layer of the OPD consists of a PTB7-Th and COTIC-4 F blend, offering an optimized response for a 980 nm excitation wavelength. Key performance metrics of this OPD include a low Jd of 0.185 nA/cm2, a high responsivity of 0.35 A/W, an EQE of 44.74%, and an exceptional detectivity of 4.59 × 1013 Jones at 980 nm wavelength under zero bias. It also exhibits a wide LDR of 113 dB. The integration of such OPDs into our SPR sensor provides advantages in compactness and cost-effectiveness. Employing this sensor, we detected the H5N1 AIV using a custom high-affinity polyclonal antibody against HA envelope of the H5N1 virus, completing analyses of culture medium samples within 12 min. The detection limit of this biosensor for the H5N1 AIV in PBS-diluted culture medium is approximately 4.3 × 104 copies/mL. When compared to a commercial H5-Ag lateral flow test kit, our biosensor showed a sensitivity 37 times higher. Key attributes of our biosensor include 3D printing technology for easy alignment of optical components and a rapid, simplified detection procedure. Collectively, our findings open up the potential of our SPR biosensor as an efficient tool for detecting H5N1 AIV, promising advancements in on-site detection methodologies.
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    Understanding the role of galectins toward influenza A virus infection
    (2023-01-01) Yang Z.S.; Lin C.Y.; Khan M.B.; Hsu M.C.; Assavalapsakul W.; Thitithanyanont A.; Wang S.F.; Mahidol University
    Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) is highly contagious and causes respiratory diseases in birds, mammals, and humans. Some strains of IAV, whether from human or avian sources, have developed resistance to existing antiviral drugs. Therefore, the discovery of new influenza antiviral drugs and therapeutic approaches is crucial. Recent studies have shown that galectins (Gal), a group of β-galactose-binding lectins, play a role in regulating various viral infections, including IAVs. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the roles of different galectins in IAV infection. We discuss the characteristics of galectins, their impact on IAV infection and spread, and highlight their positive or negative regulatory functions and potential mechanisms during IAV infection. Furthermore, we explore the potential application of galectins in IAV therapy. Expert opinion: Galectins were first identified in the mid-1970s, and currently, 15 mammalian galectins have been identified. While all galectin members possess the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that interacts with β-galactoside, their regulatory functions vary in different DNA or RNA virus infections. Certain galectin members have been found to regulate IAV infection through diverse mechanisms. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of their roles in IAV infection is essential, as it may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.