Journal Issue: EnNRJ Vol. 20 No. 6
Issued Date
2022
Resource Type
Language
tha
eng
eng
File Type
application/pdf
Access Rights
open access
Rights
ผลงานนี้เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล ขอสงวนไว้สำหรับเพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น ต้องอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา ห้ามดัดแปลงเนื้อหา และห้ามนำไปใช้เพื่อการค้า
Rights Holder(s)
Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University
Journal Volume
EnNRJ Volume 20
(2022)
Articles
Interactive Governance for the Sustainability of Marine and Coastal Resources in Thailand
(2022) Suvaluck Satumantpan; Ratana Chuenpagdee
Coastal zones are biodiverse, with complex and dynamic interconnectivity between terrestrial and marine areas, and with multiple interactions between ecological and social systems. Despite on-going efforts to conserve and protect these ecosystems, destructive extraction and unsustainable resource utilization are persistent, posing challenges for governance. Issues and concerns in coastal zones are cross-sectoral and cross-boundary, often with overlapping jurisdictions. They are considered ‘wicked’ governance problems, requiring nuanced approaches to address, rather than technical quick fixes. Interactive governance is one such approach that examines relationships within and between the ecological and social systems, as well as with the governing system. Theoretically, the governability of coastal zones depends on the inherent quality of these systems and their interactions, and improving governability needs to take place in all three orders of governance. At the ‘first order’, a better understanding of the diversity, complexity and dynamics of coastal zones, and related scale issues is required. Improving governability at the ‘second order’ involves evaluating and adjusting the existing legal and institutional frameworks to improve the performance and the correspondence with the systems they aim to govern. Finally, discussion about coastal governance needs to be elevated to ‘meta-order’ where principles are set and values derived so that hard choices can be made, for instance, between conservation and utilization of coastal resources. Guided by the interactive governance framework, the paper presents an overview of coastal governance in Thailand, summarizing key features of the natural, social and governing systems associated with coastal zones, and discussing what can be done to improve coastal governability.
Bacterial Community of Klong Tub Mangrove Forest in Chonburi Province, Thailand
(2022) Papon Ganjanasiripong; Pimmnapar Neesanant; Thongchai Taechowisan; Nakarin Kitkumthorn; Thanaporn Chuen-im
Mangrove forests are located in the transition zone of terrestrial and river/marine ecosystems, making these forests a unique environment harbouring diverse microbes. This study investigated the bacterial community of Klong Tub Mangrove Forest in Chonburi Province, Thailand. The distinct feature of this forest is its nearby location to a narrowleaf cattail wetland. Assessment of the abiotic parameters of the sediments from site#1 nearby the narrowleaf cattail wetland and site#2 in the mangrove forest revealed differences in pH and salinity values between these two sites. Biochemical identification of bacterial isolates (n=233) indicated that these species belonged to 16 families and 29 genera as follows: Moraxellaceae (17.60%) > Vibrionaceae (16.31%) > Paenibacillaceae (15.88%) > Staphylococcaceae and Bacillaceae (9.87% each) > Aeromonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae (8.58% each) > Enterobacteriaceae (4.29%) > Lactobacillaceae (2.58%) > Moraxellaceae (2.15%) > Comamonadaceae (1.72%) > Alcaligenaceae (0.86%) > Morganellaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Streptococcaceae (0.43% each). Among the genera, 12 were commonly isolated from both sites. Bacterial strains from 7 and 10 genera were detected only in site#1 and site#2, respectively. Analysis of the partial 16s rRNA gene sequence of four filamentous gram-positive isolates showed their high sequence similarity to three genera, including three novel species, Streptomyces sp. NA03103, Micromonospora fluminis sp. nov. and Bacillus velezensis sp. nov. In conclusion, the Klong Tub Mangrove Forest possesses high microbial diversity, and the bacterial taxon in the sediments differ between the narrowleaf cattail wetland and mangrove forest. Several bacterial isolates from the forest show a high biotechnological potential.
Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Lowland Rice as Affected by Farmers’ Adopted Fertilizer Applications under Two Crop Establishment Methods in Myanmar
(2022) Myo Thet Tin; Amnat Chidthaisong; Nathsuda Pumijumnong; Noppol Arunrat; Monthira Yuttitham
Identifying the optimal rice establishment option combined with specific fertilizer application can lower the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gases intensity (GHGI) of rice production. In this study, methane (CH4) and nitric oxide (N2O) emissions and rice yields under different fertilizer application methods and two different planting methods, transplanted rice (TPR) and wet bed direct seeded rice (WDSR), was measured. Field experiments using a split plot design and closed chamber-GC method for gas flux measurements were conducted. CH4 and N2O emissions ranged from 1.83-4.68 mg/m2/h and 0.073-0.135 mg/m2/h, respectively. Minimum CH4 and N2O emissions were observed at 48-69 days after seedling (DAS) (tiller stage), while maximum emissions were generally found at 90 DAS or early primordial initiation (EPI) stage. It was found that TPR produced more CH4 and N2O than WDSR across fertilizers methods almost each growth stage throughout the growing period. Regarding GHGs emission factors, CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil pH (-0.35*, N=18). At higher soil pH, lower CH4 emissions were found in early growth stages. The N2O emissions did not correlate with soil pH (-0.04 ns, N=18). The highest average CH4 emission was reached in 90 days after seedling and EPI when the soil temperature was maximal at 34.8ºC. The correlation coefficient (r) between CH4 emission and soil temperature was 0.48*, N=18, indicating a positive correlation.
Population Structure and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species in Lower Montane Forest, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Northern Thailand
(2022) Dokrak Marod; Prateep Duengkae; Sarawood Sangkaew; Phruet Racharak; Warong Suksavate; Suwimon Uthairatsamee; Lamthai Asanok; Torlarp Kamyo; Sathid Thinkampheang; Sutheera Heumhuk; Panida Kachina; Jakkapong Thongsawi; Wongsatorn Phumpuang; Paanwaris Paansri; Wimonmart Nuipakdee; Pisut Nakmuenwai; Sura Pattanakiat
Plant diversity is important for sustainable development, particularly in watershed areas. This study explored tree population and diversity in a lower montane forest (LMF). A 16-ha permanent plot was established in LMF at Huai Kogma sub-watershed, northern Thailand. All trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 2 cm were tagged, measured, identified, and their coordinates were mapped. The results showed that 220 species in 139 genera from 63 plant families were found. The dominant families based on species numbers and tree density were Fagaceae, Lauraceae, and Theaceae. The most dominant species were Castanopsis acuminatissima, Schima wallichii, Castanopsis armata, and Styrax benzoides. Diameter classes for climax species frequently followed negative exponential distributions, indicating their populations could be maintained into the future. By contrast, pioneer species, such as Macaranga indica, Morus macroura, and Rhus javanica, had discontinuous distribution, and were mostly found in gap areas, indicating successful regeneration may require high light intensity. Spatial distribution patterns based on Morisita’s index showed that most of the selected species had clumped patterns, particularly those in the Fagaceae family, which were predominantly distributed along the mountain ridge. Tree distribution patterns can affect ecological dynamics, thus reinforcing patterns dependent on local interactions such as the abundance of and distance to available resources. Our finding can aid evaluations of forest sustainability, and support the biodiversity conservation plans. In particular, the selection of suitable species for LMF restoration programs where mixed plantings of pioneer and climax species are planned.
Title
EnNRJ Vol. 20 No. 6
Author's Affiliation
Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies
มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Keyword(s)
Climate change
Biodiversity
Disaster
Ecological
Environmental modelling
Environmental dynamics
Environmental pollution
Emerging contaminants
Transboundary pollution
Waste and wastewater treatments
Hazardous wastes
Natural resource management
Multidisciplinary sciences
Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Biodiversity
Disaster
Ecological
Environmental modelling
Environmental dynamics
Environmental pollution
Emerging contaminants
Transboundary pollution
Waste and wastewater treatments
Hazardous wastes
Natural resource management
Multidisciplinary sciences
Environment and Natural Resources Journal