Journal Issue: EnNRJ Vol. 8 No. 2
Issued Date
2010
Resource Type
Language
tha
eng
eng
File Type
application/pdf
Access Rights
open access
Rights
ผลงานนี้เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล ขอสงวนไว้สำหรับเพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น ต้องอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา ห้ามดัดแปลงเนื้อหา และห้ามนำไปใช้เพื่อการค้า
Rights Holder(s)
Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University
Journal Volume
EnNRJ Volume 8
(2010)
Articles
Factors affecting the effectiveness of Runoff Harvesting Dams in Nepal
(2010-08) Bhandari, Bishnu Bahadur; Sansanee Choowaew; Kobkaew Manomaipiboon; Kulvadee Kansuntisukmongkol; Kulvadee Kansuntisukmongkol; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies
The objectives of this study were to measure the level of effectiveness and analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of runoff harvesting dam projects that have been implemented in Dhanusha district of Nepal as an activity of watershed management. 25% or 6 sampled runoff harvesting dams and a total of 71 sampled households representing the water user groups were taken in to this study. A questionnaire for household interview, check list questions for key informant interview and checklists for desk review and field observation were administered covering the variables of effectiveness indicators and factors. The data were analyzed by applying scoring and ranking, descriptive statistics and factor analysis method. It was found that 3 runoff harvesting dams were highly effective and 3 were moderately effective. Highly effective runoff harvesting dams show positive changes in all indicators; increased water availability for irrigation, household use and livestock; decreased soil erosion and disaster; improved moisture retention and microclimate; increased agriculture and forest production; increased household income and enhanced capacity of water user groups. Moderately effective runoff harvesting dams do not bring positive changes in water availability for irrigation; bank cutting and deposition; agriculture and forest production; and household income. The levels of effectiveness of runoff harvesting dams are significantly correlated with the factors upstream management and operation and maintenance at 0.01 levels. It is not significantly correlated with Location, soil type, siltation, participation, conflict of objectives and budget allocation. Thus, the levels of effectiveness of RHD projects are greatly influenced by upstream management and operation and maintenance factor. It is suggested that RHD projects should be implemented following principle of participatory integrated watershed management and development with multiyear plan (at least 3 years) to enhance the level of performance of upstream management and operation and maintenance factor so that level of effectiveness of RHD projects can be increased.
Levels of people participation in community based forest management of the Dry Zone Area in Myanmar: A case study of Chaung U, Nyaung U and Taungdwingyi Townships
(2010-08) Hla Myo Aung; Raywadee Roachanakanan; Saranya Sucharitakul; Nathsuda Pumijumnong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies
The objectives of the study are to determine levels of participation in community based forests of three different management regimes and to explore the influences of social, economical, institutional and forest resource factors on the levels of participation of user groups in the Dry Zone area of Myanmar. Three community forest user groups (CFUGs) of Nwegawe, Nyaunggyi and Thebyu villages represent different management projects operated by UNDP/ FAO, JICA and local people of self reliance program. The total members of the three CFUGs are 385 households, and are the population of the study. The sample size of 196 households was calculated by using Taro Yamane’s formula with 5% error, 95% confidence coefficient and 50% degree of variability. Distribution of samples among the three CFUGs is 119, 55 and 22 for Nwegawe, Nyaunggyi and Thebyu villages, respectively. Questionnaire survey was conducted and head of household who was also members of three user groups were interviewed. Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis was used to analyze the relationship between levels of participation and social, economical, institutional and forest resource factors. In-depth interview with 15 key informants was carried out to gain more details on levels of participation. The results of Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis revealed a score of 4.227 (high level of participation) for the Thebyu project, 3.163 (moderate level of participation) for the Nyaunggyi project and 2.487 (low level of participation) for the Nwegawe project. Findings showed that level of education, forest income, attendance of meeting, labor sharing and collection of fodder and grass and amount of fuelwood collection positively and significantly influenced levels of participation in the three projects with the statistical significance at 0.05. From the study it was concluded that apart from the Thebyu project (self reliance program), levels of participation in community forest plantation in the Nwegawe and Nyaunggyi projects were low and moderate, respectively and those levels suggested the failure after termination of the projects. The findings of the research can be used for further revision of the Community Forest Instruction-1995 and enhancement of community involvement in forest management in the Dry Zone area of Myanmar.
Stakeholder engagement practice: An experience in IWRM-Based Mekong River basin development plan forum
(2010-08) Weng Tan, Kok; Jongdee Toim; Bin Mokhtar, Mazlin; Jongdee Toim; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies
Extensive population growth and usage have led to increasing unplanned development pressures within the basin and these have caused many direct threats to valuable ecosystems in the region. This poses a significant threat to biodiversity and environmental sustainability, and thereby to the livelihoods of the Mekong communities. Stakeholder participation is an integral part of integrated approach on water resources management, which the Mekong River Commission (MRC) adopted in its Strategic Plan 2006-2010. Likewise, stakeholder participation is particularly important for the Basin Development Plan (BDP), the umbrella programme of the MRC to promote the joint planning function as an inter-governmental river basin organisation for sustainable development of the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB). This paper aims to provide overview of lesson learned for the BDP practice which was held during 15-16 October 2009 in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Mekong River Basin is international trans-boundary basin and has spanned up to six countries. The development issues have international implications and can only be resolved through the effective regional coordination and cooperation framework. MRC has demonstrated a series of stakeholder engagement activities for the region such as forum, special meeting and online forum. Nevertheless, it should not become the symbolic activities to fulfill the engagement and participation process.
A study of Biodiesel (Ethyl Ester) production from Grease/Oil Rich Sludge through Acid-Catalytic Ethanol Transesterification and It’s Fuel Specifications
(2010-08) Kappaput Thong-Innatra; Gritsanaruk Theeraraj; Chumporn Yuwaree; Kitikorn Charmondusit; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies
The objective of this study is to produce biodiesel from grease/oil rich sludge
which was trapped from the canteen of Mahidol University’s Salaya campus. The
biodiesel was produced through the process of transesterification reaction in the
presence of an acidic catalyst of concentrated sulfuric acid. 100% excess ethanol was
used to accomplish the reaction at the molecular ratio of 30:1 (ethanol to grease) at
90C for 90 minutes. The finished product contained 95.17% biodiesel by volume with
an API gravity value of 0.90 g/cm3 at 15C, a viscosity value of 8.69 mm2/s at 40C, a
flash point value of 184C, and a heat value of 9,685.35 cal/g. The blending with
petroleum based diesel or baseline diesel (commercial diesel) at the proportions of 5,
10, 15, and 20 percent showed no statistical significant difference at the 0.05 level. In
addition, the engine performance of the blends had slightly higher engine torque and
engine power than baseline diesel. In conclusion, this study found that the conversion
of the canteen’s trap grease into ethyl ester had the potential to be a diesel substitute,
particularly at the blending ration of 15%.
Title
EnNRJ Vol. 8 No. 2
Author's Affiliation
Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies
มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Keyword(s)
Climate change
Biodiversity
Ecological
Disaster
Environmental modelling
Environmental dynamics
Environmental pollution
Emerging contaminants
Transboundary pollution
Waste and wastewater treatments
Hazardous wastes
Natural resource management
Multidisciplinary sciences
Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Biodiversity
Ecological
Disaster
Environmental modelling
Environmental dynamics
Environmental pollution
Emerging contaminants
Transboundary pollution
Waste and wastewater treatments
Hazardous wastes
Natural resource management
Multidisciplinary sciences
Environment and Natural Resources Journal