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Publication Open Access Bacterial Community of Klong Tub Mangrove Forest in Chonburi Province, Thailand(2022) Papon Ganjanasiripong; Pimmnapar Neesanant; Thongchai Taechowisan; Nakarin Kitkumthorn; Thanaporn Chuen-imMangrove forests are located in the transition zone of terrestrial and river/marine ecosystems, making these forests a unique environment harbouring diverse microbes. This study investigated the bacterial community of Klong Tub Mangrove Forest in Chonburi Province, Thailand. The distinct feature of this forest is its nearby location to a narrowleaf cattail wetland. Assessment of the abiotic parameters of the sediments from site#1 nearby the narrowleaf cattail wetland and site#2 in the mangrove forest revealed differences in pH and salinity values between these two sites. Biochemical identification of bacterial isolates (n=233) indicated that these species belonged to 16 families and 29 genera as follows: Moraxellaceae (17.60%) > Vibrionaceae (16.31%) > Paenibacillaceae (15.88%) > Staphylococcaceae and Bacillaceae (9.87% each) > Aeromonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae (8.58% each) > Enterobacteriaceae (4.29%) > Lactobacillaceae (2.58%) > Moraxellaceae (2.15%) > Comamonadaceae (1.72%) > Alcaligenaceae (0.86%) > Morganellaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Streptococcaceae (0.43% each). Among the genera, 12 were commonly isolated from both sites. Bacterial strains from 7 and 10 genera were detected only in site#1 and site#2, respectively. Analysis of the partial 16s rRNA gene sequence of four filamentous gram-positive isolates showed their high sequence similarity to three genera, including three novel species, Streptomyces sp. NA03103, Micromonospora fluminis sp. nov. and Bacillus velezensis sp. nov. In conclusion, the Klong Tub Mangrove Forest possesses high microbial diversity, and the bacterial taxon in the sediments differ between the narrowleaf cattail wetland and mangrove forest. Several bacterial isolates from the forest show a high biotechnological potential.Publication Open Access Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority(2011-12-13) Newton, Paul N.; Green, Michael D.; Mildenhall, Dallas C.; Plançon, Aline; Nettey, Henry; Nyadong, Leonard; Hostetler, Dana M.; Swamidoss, Isabel; Harris, Glenn A.; Powell, Kristen; Timmermans, Ans E.; Amin, Abdinasir A.; Opuni, Stephen K.; Barbereau, Serge; Faurant, Claude; Soong, Ray C.W.; Faure, Kevin; Jonarthan Thevanayagam; Fernandes, Peter; Kaur, Harparkash; Angus, Brian; Stepniewska, Kasia; Guerin, Philippe J.; Fernández, Facundo M.; Newton, Paul N.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU).BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem. A vital component of malaria control rests on the availability of good quality artemisinin-derivative based combination therapy (ACT) at the correct dose. However, there are increasing reports of poor quality anti-malarials in Africa. METHODS: Seven collections of artemisinin derivative monotherapies, ACT and halofantrine anti-malarials of suspicious quality were collected in 2002/10 in eleven African countries and in Asia en route to Africa. Packaging, chemical composition (high performance liquid chromatography, direct ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, stable isotope analysis) and botanical investigations were performed. RESULTS: Counterfeit artesunate containing chloroquine, counterfeit dihydroartemisinin (DHA) containing paracetamol (acetaminophen), counterfeit DHA-piperaquine containing sildenafil, counterfeit artemether-lumefantrine containing pyrimethamine, counterfeit halofantrine containing artemisinin, and substandard/counterfeit or degraded artesunate and artesunate+amodiaquine in eight countries are described. Pollen analysis was consistent with manufacture of counterfeits in eastern Asia. These data do not allow estimation of the frequency of poor quality anti-malarials in Africa. CONCLUSIONS: Criminals are producing diverse harmful anti-malarial counterfeits with important public health consequences. The presence of artesunate monotherapy, substandard and/or degraded and counterfeit medicines containing sub-therapeutic amounts of unexpected anti-malarials will engender drug resistance. With the threatening spread of artemisinin resistance to Africa, much greater investment is required to ensure the quality of ACTs and removal of artemisinin monotherapies. The International Health Regulations may need to be invoked to counter these serious public health problems.Item Open Access Annual Report 2018 Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University(2019) Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies