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Publication Open Access Prevalence of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease and Avian Polyomavirus disease Infection in Captive Psittacines in the Central part of Thailand by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction(2009) Punpichaya Fungwitaya; Anupong Bunlertcharoensuk; Wittapol Uttamaburana; Ladawan Sariya; Kridsada Chaichoune; Parntep Ratanakorn; Roschong Boonyarittichaikij; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary SciencePublication Open Access Recombinant Proteins as Antigens for Serological Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Livestock(2021) Ruenruetai Udonsom; Supaluk Popruk; Charoonluk Jirapattharasate; Aongart Mahittikorn; รื่นฤทัย อุดรโสม; สุภลัคน์ โพธิ์พฤกษ์; จารุญลักษณ์ จิรภัทรเศรษฐ์; องอาจ มหิทธิกร; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Protozoology; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Pre-clinic and Applied animal science,Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are diseases of livestock worldwide caused by infections with closely related parasitic protozoa, T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. Toxoplasmosis is a cause of reproductive failure in small ruminants and zoonotic, while neosporosis is a major cause of bovine abortion without zoonotic reports. The clinical signs associated with both infections are often nonspecific. Therefore, serological diagnosis is important for detection of specific antibodies induced by the infection. However, propagation of T. gondii and N. caninum tachyzoite in vitro or in vivo is required prior to crude antigen extraction, high risk in contamination of cell culture or animal facilities for parasite propagation and time-consuming process. With the use of recombinant proteins as antigens, the risk of handing viable parasites can be avoided with improving in sensitivity and specificity for the detection. Although some of T. gondii or N. caninum recombinant proteins showed a high efficacy for diagnosis, more validation and optimization are still needed to provide a high throughput performance for using in animals. This review presents advance in the application of recombinant antigens as a serological marker for the above parasites detection in livestock.