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Publication Open Access The efficacy of edaravone (radicut), a free radical scavenger, for cardiovascular disease.(2013-07) Kikuchi, Kiyoshi; Salunya Tancharoen; ศรัณยา ตันเจริญ; Takeshige, Nobuyuki; Yoshitomi, Munetake; Morioka, Motohiro; Murai, Yoshinaka; Tanaka, Eiichiro; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of PharmacologyEdaravone was originally developed as a potent free radical scavenger, and has been widely used to treat acute ischemic stroke in Japan since 2001. Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases..., such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Therefore, free radicals may be targets for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Edaravone shows protective effects on ischemic insults and inflammation in the heart, vessel, and brain in experimental studies. As wellPublication Open Access A clinicopathological correlation of the expression of the angiopoietin-Tie-2 receptor pathway in the brain of adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria(2013) Panote Prapansilp; Isabelle Medana; Nguyen Thi Hoan Mai; Day, Nicholas PJ; Phu, Nguyen Hoan; Yeo, Tsin W; Hien, Tran Tinh; Nicholas J White; Anstey, Nicholas M; Turner, Gareth DH; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitBackground: Plasma angiopoietin (Ang)-2 is associated with disease severity and mortality in adults and children with falciparum malaria. However the mechanism of action of the angiopoietins in fatal malaria is unclear. This study aimedPublication Open Access iNKT cells and their potential lipid ligands during viral infection.(2015-07-24) Anunya Opasawatchai; อนัญญา โอภาสวัตชัย; Ponpan Matangkasombut; Ponpan Matangkasombut; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of Microbiologybridging innate and adaptive immunity. Diseases ranging from allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as infectious diseases, including viral infection, have been reported to be influenced by iNKT cells. However, it remains unclear how iNKT cellsPublication Open Access Effect of simvastatin on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endometriosis patients: a randomized controlled trial(2017) Wanwisa Waiyaput; Somphoch Pumipichet; Sawaek Weerakiet; Sasivimol Rattanasiri; Areepan Sophonsritsuk; Mahidol University. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital . Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility UnitBackground: Simvastatin is a promising new drug for the treatment of endometriosis. It is a cholesterol-lowering drug that acts by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in a decrease in mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). This study investigated the effect of pre-operative oral simvastatin administration on MCP-1 gene expression and serum MCP-1 protein levels in patients with endometriosis. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted at the Reproductive Endocrinology Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Forty women (mean age: 18–45 years) scheduled for laparoscopic surgery who had been diagnosed with endometriosis were recruited and randomly assigned to either a treatment group (20 mg/d of orally administered simvastatin for 2 weeks before surgery) or an untreated control group. Serum was collected before and after treatment and protein levels of MCP-1 were determined. MCP-1 and CD68 transcript levels were also quantified using real-time PCR on endometriotic cyst tissues. Results: MCP-1 gene expression on endometriotic cyst was not significantly different between the simvastatin-treated and untreated groups (P = 0.99). CD68 expression was higher in the treatment group compared to the control group, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.055). Serum MCP-1 levels following simvastatin treatment were higher than in samples obtained before treatment (297.89 ± 70.77 and 255.51 ± 63.79 pg/ml, respectively) (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Treatment with 20 mg/d of simvastatin for 2 weeks did not reduce the expression of either the chemokine MCP-1 gene or macrophage-specific genes. Cumulatively, this suggests that simvastatin is not ideal for treating endometriosis because a higher dose of simvastatin (40–100 mg/d) would be needed to achieve the target outcome, which would significantly increase the risk of myopathy in patients. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20130627003 Registered: June 27, 2013.Publication Open Access Increased alpha-defensin expression is associated with risk of coronary heart disease: a feasible predictive inflammatory biomarker of coronary heart disease in hyperlipidemia patients(2016) Yaowapa Maneerat; Kriengchai Prasongsukarn; Surachet Benjathummarak; Wilanee Dechkhajorn; Urai Chaisri; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Pathologyeffective intervention, atherosclerosis consequently causes coronary heart disease (CHD), which leads to increased risk of sudden death. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils play a pivotal role in inflammation and atherogenesis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPsPublication Open Access Incidence of diabetes in Asian population and diabetic bone quality.(2015-05) Mahjabeen Hossain; Dutmanee Seriwatanachai; ดุษมณี เสรีวัฒนาชัย; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Oral Biologyand relative deficiency. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide will be doubled in in 2030. Shockingly, the Bureau of Non Communicable Disease of Thailand found similar trend for Thai populationPublication Open Access Biomarkers for Refractory Lupus Nephritis: A Microarray Study of Kidney Tissue.(2015-06) Pornpen Tantivitayakul; พรเพ็ญ ตันติวิทยากุล; Thitima Benjachat; ธิติมา เบญจชาติ; Pumipat Tongyoo; ภูมิพัฒน์ ทองอยู่; Poorichaya Somparn; ภูริชญา สมภาร; Nattiya Hirankarn; ณัฏฐิยา หิรัญกาญจน์; Santitham Prom-On; สันติธรรม พรหมอ่อน; Prapaporn Pisitkun; ประภาพร พิสิษฐ์กุล; Asada Leelahavanichkul; อัษฎางศ์ ลีฬหวนิชกุล; Yingyos Avihingsanon; ยิ่งยศ อวิหิงสานนท์; Natavudh Townamchai; ณัฐวุฒิ โตวนำชัย; Yingyos Avihingsanon; ยิ่งยศ อวิหิงสานนท์; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Oral Microbiology; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of MedicineThe prognosis of severe lupus nephritis (LN) is very different among individual patients. None of the current biomarkers can be used to predict the development of refractory LN. Because kidney histology is the gold standard for diagnosing LN, the authors hypothesize that molecular signatures detected in kidney biopsy tissue may have predictive value in determining the therapeutic response. Sixty-seven patients with biopsy-proven severely active LN by International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification III/IV were recruited. Twenty-three kidney tissue samples were used for RNA microarray analysis, while the remaining 44 samples were used for validation by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene expression analysis. From hundreds of differential gene expressions in refractory LN, 12 candidates were selected for validation based on gene expression levels as well as relevant functions. The candidate biomarkers were members of the innate immune response molecules, adhesion molecules, calcium-binding receptors, and paracellular tight junction proteins. S100A8, ANXA13, CLDN19 and FAM46B were identified as the best kidney biomarkers for refractory LN, and COL8A1 was identified as the best marker for early loss of kidney function. These new molecular markers can be used to predict refractory LN and may eventually lead to novel molecular targets for therapy.Publication Open Access Hypomethylation of Alu elements in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis(2013-08-21) Pornrutsami Jintaridth; พรรัสสามิ จินทาริด; Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr; รังสรรค์ ตั้งตรงจิตร; Sangchai Preutthipan; Apiwat Mutirangura; Apiwat Mutirangura; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyA decrease in genomic methylation commonly occurs in aging cells; however, whether this epigenetic modification leads to age-related phenotypes has not been evaluated. Alu elements are the major interspersed repetitive DNA elements in humans that lose DNA methylation in aging individuals. Alu demethylation in blood cells starts at approximately 40 years of age, and the degree of Alu hypomethylation increases with age. Bone mass is lost with aging, particularly in menopausal women with lower body mass. Consequently, osteoporosis is commonly found in thin postmenopausal women. Here, we correlated the Alu methylation level of blood cells with bone density in 323 postmenopausal women. Alu hypomethylation was associated with advanced age and lower bone mass density, (P<0.05). The association between the Alu methylation level and bone mass was independent of age, body mass, and body fat, with an odds ratio [1] = 0.4316 (0.2087-0.8927). Individuals of the same age with osteopenia, osteoporosis, and a high body mass index have lower Alu methylation levels (P = 0.0005, 0.003, and ≤0.0001, respectively). Finally, when comparing individuals with the same age and body mass, Alu hypomethylation was observed in individuals with lower bone mass (P<0.0001). In conclusion, there are positive correlations between Alu hypomethylation in blood cells and several age-related phenotypes in bone and body fat. Therefore, reduced global methylation may play a role in the systemic senescence process. Further evaluation of Alu hypomethylation may clarify the epigenetic regulation of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.Publication Open Access Bioactive triterpenoids, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Eclipta prostrata Linn(2015-03) Rungrot Cherdtrakulkiat; Somchai Boonpangrak; Somsak Ruchirawat; Ratchanok Pingaew; Virapong Prachayasittikul; Supaluk Prachayasittikul; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medical Technology. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medical Technology. Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medical Technology. Center of Data Mining and Biomedical InformaticsBioactive triterpenoids; 3-acetylaleuritolic acid, stigmasterol, a mixture of triterpenoids, fatty esters and aromatic components were isolated from the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata by column chromatography. The plant extracts were investigated for their antimicrobial activity (agar dilution method) against twenty-eight strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including diploid fungus. In addition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were also evaluated.The extracts and isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobial activity against Morexella catarrhalis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 10356 and Streptococcus pyogenes with the MIC of 64 g/mL including Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2601 (MIC 256 g/mL). The ethyl acetate extract and isolated fractions displayed antioxidant effect. In addition, the plant extracts showed cytotoxic activity (ED50 > 100 g/mL) toward HuCCA-1 and KB cells. The results demonstrate beneficial effects of E. prostrata as the antimicrobials and bioactive compounds for medicinal usages.Publication Open Access A double-blinded randomized controlled trial of silymarin for the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury(2015) Chote Luangchosiri; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Sermsiri Chitphuk; Wasana Stitchantrakul; Supanna Petraksa; Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBackground: Hepatitis is a common adverse effect of antituberculosis drugs. Silymarin prevented drug-induced hepatoxicity in animals with anti-oxidative mechanisms but its effect in human has been unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of silymarin for preventing antituberculosis-drug induced liver injury (antiTB-DILI) in patients with tuberculosis. Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed. Tuberculosis patients were randomly allocated to receive placebo or silymarin. The outcomes of interests were antiTB-DILI and the maximum liver enzymes at week 4. Antioxidative enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione and malondialdehyde assays) were assessed. The risks of antiTB-DILI between the two groups were compared. A number need to treat was estimated. Results: A total of 55 out of 70 expected numbers of patients were enrolled. There were 1/27 (3.7 %) and 9/28 (32.1 %) patients who developed antiTB-DILI in the silymarin and the placebo groups. Risk reduction was 0.28 (0.10, 0.47), i.e., receiving silymarin was 28 % at lower risk for antiTB-DILI than placebo. This led to prevention of 28 patients from being antiTB-DILI among 100 treated patients. Median (IQR) of ALT levels at week 4 in the placebo and the silymarin group were 35.0 (15, 415) IU/L and 31.5 (20, 184) IU/L (p = 0.455). The decline of SOD level at week 4 in the silymarin group was less than the placebo group (p < 0.027). Conclusions: Silymarin reduced the incidence of antiTB-DILI. The benefit of silymarin may be explained from superoxide dismutase restoration. Larger clinical trials are required to confirm the result of our small study [Clinicaltrials.Gov Identifier Nct01800487].