74 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 74
Publication Open Access The analysis of ecotourism as dynamics in common property management: A case study of Plai Phong Pang Thai-Style House Conservation Club, Tambon Plai Phong Pang, Amphoe Amphawa, Samutsongkhram Province(2010-04) Usa Uamson; Kulvadee Kansuntisukmongkol; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource StudiesThis study aims to analyze the patterns of management of common property and tourism by Plai Phong Pang’s Thai-style house conservation club. The analysis applies the conceptual framework of dynamic common property management (Oakerson, 1992...) and the eco-tourism principle (Gail Nash, 1997, referred in Yos Santasombatr and others, 2004) to explain change and tourism resource management patterns as a community based common property. This research applies qualitative research methods by conductingPublication Open Access Impact of family structure, parental migration, and parental divorce on an adolescent's educational enrollment: evidence from a longitudinal study in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand(2009-07) Wanippol Mahaarcha; วนิพพล มหาอาชา; Sirinan Kittisuksathit; ศิรินันท์ กิตติสุขสถิต; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchFamily structure, migration, and divorce are the crucial determinants that shape a family member’s well-being. Previous studies have shown that adolescent residing in extended families, with parental migration, and without parental divorce tend to have better outcomes. Using data from the 2001 to 2004 round of Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS), this study aims to explore the relationship between family structure, parental migration, parental divorce and adolescent’s educational enrolment. The sample of adolescents aged 13-18 in 2001 were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis proposes that adolescents residing in extended families with grandparents, residing in household without mother migration, and residing outside the parental divorce household are more likely to enroll in school in 2004. This study suggests that the training for grandparents about grandchildren’s caring, the women’s job availability, and the Life Skill Program for adolescents in divorced homes should be implemented.Publication Open Access Food Education for Whom?: Perceptions of Food Education and Literacy among Dietitians and Laypeople in Urban Japan(2017) Takeda, Wakako; Melby, Melissa K.; Ishikawa, Yuta; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchDespite the growing popularity of food education and food literacy, the diversity and complexity of ideas about food education among people from different backgrounds have not yet been examined. To explore people’s understandings about food education and examine patterns among people of different occupation, gender, age, and household structure, we conducted in-depth interviews with 120 laypeople (divided equally by gender and six decadal age groups from twenties to seventies) and sixty dietitians in two urban areas in Japan. Participants were asked to freelist responses to the question, “What do you associate with the word ‘Shokuiku’ (food education)?” Responses were analyzed by principal component analysis. Dietitians and lay females tended to associate food education with several interconnected aspects including food knowledge, habits, and food system, while lay males tended to view it as school education targeting children only. The results suggest that the current food education framework may lead some lay males in urban Japan to believe food education and food literacy are only for children and not relevant for them. To improve effectiveness of programs for diverse populations, it is necessary to reconsider the current framework which focuses excessively on children as well as food consumption.Publication Open Access To be or not to be a facilitator of reflective learning for medical students? a case study of medical teachers’ perceptions of introducing a reflective writing exercise to an undergraduate curriculum(2016) Kanokporn Sukhato; Sutida Sumrithe; Chathaya Wongrathanandha; Saipin Hathirat; Wajana Leelapattana; Dellow, Alan; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Medical Education UnitBackground: Introducing reflective writing to a medical curriculum requires the acceptance and participation of teachers. The purpose of this study was to explore medical teachers’ views on the benefits of introducing a reflective writing exercise into an undergraduate medical curriculum, including their levels of satisfaction and their concerns. We also investigated effects on the teachers’ personal and professional development arising from their roles as novice facilitators. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed using semi-structured interviews. During an attachment to Primary Care Medicine course, fourth-year medical students (n = 180) in the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand were assigned to write a reflective essay titled, “A Significant Event in My First Clinical Year”. After reading the essays and facilitating between one to three small group discussions based on these, each of the 18 teachers enrolled in our study completed an in-depth face to face interview. Transcripts of these were studied, using thematic content analysis to identify emerging themes. Results: The novice facilitators felt that facilitated reflection was both valuable and appropriate for students. They also perceived that it had a positive impact on their own personal and professional lives. In the early phase of implementing this activity, teachers expressed concerns about 1) their ability and confidence as facilitators in small group discussion 2) their ability to deal with emotions raised within their groups 3) the effectiveness of the activity 4) poor presentation and possible fabrication of student work. Conclusions: Most teachers regarded this activity as being beneficial to them, to student learning, and to the curriculum. Their insights, including concerns about the level of skill needed for facilitation, provide valuable material for planning a comprehensive faculty development programme.Publication Open Access Establishing research priorities for malaria elimination in the context of the emergency response to artemisinin resistance framework‑the Cambodian approach(2016) Canavatม Sara E.; Lawfordม Harriet L. S.; Fatunmbi, Bayo S.; Dysoley Lek; Narann Top‑Samphor; Rithea Leang; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Rekol Huy; Kazadi, Walter M.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Clinical Tropical MedicineBackground: Countries of the greater Mekong subregion have made a transition from malaria control to an aim for falciparum and vivax malaria elimination. The elimination of falciparum malaria will have to be achieved against a background of increasing artemisinin and multi-drug resistance. This ambitious goal requires an operational research (OR) agenda that addresses the dynamic challenges encountered on the path to elimination, which will need to be flexible and developed in close relation with the cambodian national programme for parasitology, entomology and malaria control (CNM). In Cambodia, a number of meetings with stakeholders were convened by the CNM and emergency response to artemisinin resistance (ERAR) hub, producing an initial list of priority OR topics. The process and outcome of these meetings are described, which could serve as a template for other countries in the region. Methods: A landscaping exercise was conducted to gather all past, on-going and planned malaria focussed OR activities conducted by the cambodian research consortium in Cambodia and categorized according to research theme. The six themes included (1) malaria epidemiology, surveillance and response, (2) malaria case management, (3) malaria vector control, (4) malaria behavioural issues, (5) malaria clinical studies, and (6) other vector-borne diseases (dengue, neglected tropical diseases, soil-transmitted helminths). The different themes were discussed in small focus groups, which made an initial prioritization list which was then presented to a plenary group for further discussion. This produced a list of research questions ranked according to priority. Results: OR priorities produced by the thematic groups were discussed in the plenary meeting and given a priority score by group voting. A list of 17 OR questions were developed, finalized and listed, which included questions on surveillance, active case detection and treatment efficacy. Conclusion: This paper describes ERAR’s work on supporting Cambodia’s transition to malaria elimination by identifying national operational research priorities. ERAR has initiated and currently plays a critical role in the development of country specific research agendas for malaria elimination. The first example of this has been the described exercise in Cambodia, which could serve a template for setting OR priorities in the wider region.Publication Open Access Impact of microcredit program on rural out-migration for employment: evidence from village revolving fund program in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand(2011-07) Sithon Khun; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; อภิชาติ จำรัสฤทธิรงค์; Chai Podhisita; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchThe government of Thailand has introduced the innovative microcredit scheme, the Village Revolving Fund program (VRF) since 2001, aiming to uplift living conditions of the poor. Using data from the 2003 and 2004 rounds of Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS), this study aims to explore the impact of this microcredit scheme on rural out-migration for employment. A multilevel model is used to elicit this impact by controlling for characteristics of individual, household, and community. Important findings from multilevel models indicate that amount of money households borrowed from the Village Revolving Fund program is statistically significant in reducing the probability of rural out-migration for employment (-.00010, p<.001) when other relevant factors from individual and household levels as well as village related characteristics are controlled. For a given loan of 20,000 Baht from the Village Revolving Fund program (VRF), the probability of individual rural out-migration for employment is reduced by 2 percent higher than non-borrowing households. This suggests that increasing loan from the Village Revolving Fund program to households resulted in decreasing probability of rural out-migration for employment. Use of loan from this program for agricultural activities can significantly reduce rural out-migration for employment among the poor households.Publication Open Access Obstetric morbidity care in Thailand: do communities matter?(2008-01) Sharad Kumar Sharma; Panee Vong-Ek; ภาณี วงษ์เอก; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchPrevious research on maternal health care has focused on individual-level factors, and the role of community-level factors in obtaining obstetric care has not received sufficient attention. This study addresses this gap by examining how community context is associated with obstetric morbidity care-seeking behavior among Thai women in the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System. Multi-level logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association. While percentage of not working, percentage of people with health insurance, percentage of people with education less than grade ten, and availability of school in the village were positive predictors of care-seeking behavior for morbidity during pregnancy, distance of village to the district center and availability of transportation facilities in the village were positive predictors and average household income in the village was a negative predictor of care-seeking behavior of morbidity during delivery or after delivery. Careseeking behavior also varied across the villages. Preventive behavior and medical risk factors partially mediated the community effect on care-seeking behavior. However, community characteristics retained their important association with obstetric morbidity care. Community context should therefore not be overlooked while implementing maternal health interventions.Publication Open Access Challenges in the provision of healthcare services for migrants: a systematic review through providers’ lens(2015) Rapeepong Suphanchaimat; Kanang Kantamaturapoj; Weerasak Putthasri; Phusit Prakongsai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities. Department of Social SciencesBackground: In recent years, cross-border migration has gained significant attention in high-level policy dialogues in numerous countries. While there exists some literature describing the health status of migrants, and exploring migrants’ perceptions of service utilisation in receiving countries, there is still little evidence that examines the issue of health services for migrants through the lens of providers. This study therefore aims to systematically review the latest literature, which investigated perceptions and attitudes of healthcare providers in managing care for migrants, as well as examining the challenges and barriers faced in their practices. Methods: A systematic review was performed by gathering evidence from three main online databases: Medline, Embase and Scopus, plus a purposive search from the World Health Organization’s website and grey literature sources. The articles, published in English since 2000, were reviewed according to the following topics: (1) how healthcare providers interacted with individual migrant patients, (2) how workplace factors shaped services for migrants, and (3) how the external environment, specifically laws and professional norms influenced their practices. Key message of the articles were analysed by thematic analysis. Results: Thirty seven articles were recruited for the final review. Key findings of the selected articles were synthesised and presented in the data extraction form. Quality of retrieved articles varied substantially. Almost all the selected articles had congruent findings regarding language andcultural challenges, and a lack of knowledge of a host country's health system amongst migrant patients. Most respondents expressed concerns over in-house constraints resulting from heavy workloads and the inadequacy of human resources. Professional norms strongly influenced the behaviours and attitudes of healthcare providers despite conflicting with laws that limited right to health services access for illegal migrants. Discussion: The perceptions, attitudes and practices of practitioners in the provision of healthcare services for migrants were mainly influenced by: (1) diverse cultural beliefs and language differences, (2) limited institutional capacity, in terms of time and/or resource constraints, (3) the contradiction between professional ethics and laws that limited migrants’ right to health care. Nevertheless, healthcare providers addressedsuch problems by partially ignoring the immigrants’precarious legal status, and using numerous tactics, including seeking help from civil society groups, to support their clinical practice. Conclusion: It was evident that healthcare providers faced several challenges in managing care for migrants, which included not only language and cultural barriers, but also resource constraints within their workplaces, and disharmony between the law and their professional norms. Further studies, which explore health care management for migrants in countries with different health insurance models, are recommended.Publication Open Access Differential utilization of health care services among ethnic groups on the Thailand-Myanmar border: A case study of Kanchanaburi province, Thailand(2008-07) Hu,Jian; Chai Podhisita; ชาย โพธิสิตา; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchThis cross-sectional study is based mainly on the 2000 dataset of the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS), with additional variables from the 2002 and 2004 datasets of the same project. The aim is to explore patterns of health care utilization among three ethnic groups on the Thailand-Myanmar border and to investigate the extent to which differences in reported use of health care related to different characteristics of each group. About 58 percent of ethnic Thai, 43 percent of the native-born and 28 percent of the foreign-born minority respondents reported that they had used service of the health care providers when they were ill in 2000. Results show that the foreign-born and native-born minority respondents were significantly less likely to use health care services than Thais after controlling for type of self-reported illness. Further analysis reveals that ethnic gap in utilization of health care services disappears if there is no difference in access to health insurance, religion, ability to speak Thai, source of health information, type of village, and availability of health and transportation facilities in the village. In short, this difference can be mitigated if access to health insurance, cultural and communication barriers, and community resources for health care are improved.Publication Open Access Safe sex behavior towards HIV/AIDS among Myanmar reproductive aged migrants in Muang district, Samutsakhon province, Thailand(2009) Kya Soe Nyunt; Boonyong Kiewkarnka; บุญยง เกี่ยวการค้า; Jutatip Sillabutra; จุฑาธิป ศีลบุตร; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA cross sectional description study design using a stratified random sampling technique was employed investigate safe sex behavior among Myanmar reproductive aged migrants in Muang district, Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand, in January 2008. Structure questionnaire interview was applied to collect data. Description statistics and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. The safe sex behaviors studied in this research are no sex with unknown partner, faithfulness to spouse, intention to use condom, and consistent condom use. Over two-thirds (70%) of the respondents have moderate safe sex behavior while 17.31 percent and 12.69 percent have good behavior and poor behavior respectively. The prevalence of consistent condom use is 58.08 percent. The results showed that the variables age, gender, educational level, marital status, knowledge, perceived susceptibility, printed materials, influencing person and experience of seeing AIDS patients are associated with their safe sex behavior. Health personnel are the most influencing people among them. Basic health education program providing true knowledge and logical thinking about HIV/ AIDS should be encouraged. One cultural norm, faithfulness to one’s spouse, should be maintained to promote safe sex behavior. Further in-depth qualitative study about safe sex behavior should be done.