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Publication Open Access Burkholderia pseudomallei is spatially distributed in soil in northeast Thailand(2010-06-01) Direk Limmathurotsakul; ดิเรก ลิ้มมธุรสกุล; Vanaporn Wuthiekanun; วรรณพร วุฒิเอกอนันต์; Narisara Chantratita; นริศรา จันทราทิตย์; Gumphol Wongsuvan; กำพล วงษ์สุวรรณ; Premjit Amornchai; เปรมจิตร อมรชัย; Nicholas P.J. Day; Peacock, Sharon J.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Microbiology and Immunology.was used as the basis for detection and quantitation by culture of B. pseudomallei in soil in two environmental sites (disused land covered with low-lying scrub and rice field) in northeast Thailand. Semivariogram and indicator semivariogram were used... to evaluate the distribution of B. pseudomallei and its relationship with range between sampling points. B. pseudomallei was present on culture of 80/100 sampling points taken from the disused land and 28/100 sampling points from the rice field. The median BPublication Open Access Effect of population dynamics and mechanization on agricultural land use: evidence from Nang Rong, Thailand(2013-01) Piyawat Katewongsa; ปิยวัฒน์ เกตุวงศา; Yothin Sawangdee; โยธิน แสวงดี; Stephen J. Walsh; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; อภิชาติ จำรัสฤทธิรงค์; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research,255 households. The results show that population dynamics continuously influenced agricultural land use. Migration was the most influencing factor among population dynamic indicators; it had negative effects on land use for rice and field crops, but positive... effects on multiple and rotation crops. Death events had some negative effects on land use for field crops, while in-migration had positive effects on rice growing. Agricultural machinery factors produced a great influence on land use changes both in termsPublication Open Access Farmers and fertilizers: A socio-ecological exploration of the alternative agriculture movement in Northeastern Thailand(2011-12) Kaufman, Alex; Suriyapong Watanasak; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studiescycle of debt and degraded soil fertility. In Thailand, non-governmental organizations have assisted farmers through organic extension programs. This research examined the socio-ecological benefits of organic production to rice farmers through a mixed... practices as a medium of associations between farmers and nature. A subsequent phase of structured interviews with 75 members of organic farmer groups investigated the ways that informants improved soil fertility. Organic farmers perceived bountiful ricePublication Open Access Activities of daily living associated with acquisition of melioidosis in northeast Thailand: a matched case-control study(2013-02) Direk Limmathurotsakul; ดิเรก ลิ้มมธุรสกุล; Manas Kanoksil; Vanaporn Wuthiekanun; วรรณพร วุฒิเอกอนันต์; Rungrueng Kitphati; Stavola, Bianca de; Day, Nicholas P.J.; Peacock, Sharon J.; Direk Limmathurotsakul; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Microbiology and Immunologyanalysis based on 286 cases and 512 controls showed that activities associated with a risk of melioidosis included working in a rice field (conditional odds ratio [cOR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.3), other activities associatedPublication Open Access A gender synthesis on NCD risk factors: evidence from KDSS(2008-07) Amitha Sumanaseekara; Kusol Soonthorndhada; กุศล สุนธรธาดา; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchThe objectives of the study were to identify risk factors for NCD according to socioeconomic conditions among male and female, and pattern of change during two periods. This study used data from year 2000 and 2004 from the Kanchanaburi Project. Data analysis both descriptive and analytical tools of logistic regression were used. Results revealed that smoking rate had increased among male adolescent from 19% to 23 % but not changed considerably in almost socioeconomic factors from 2000 to 2004. Smoking rate was very high among male and female who had low education, poor household and in upland stratum. Liquor consumption rate had increased particularly in male and female adult and in almost socioeconomic factors during these two years. Risky food habits were high among adolescents who were studying and in the poorest household. Overweight and obesity were high in adult female, urban/semi-urban stratum, rich household and housewives. Logistic regression analysis revealed odd ratio of two or more risk factors had highly significant among adult female with low education and in poor household of uplands strata. So introduction of area-based or target-based prevention program integrated for all risk factors would be worthwhile for future reduction of NCD burden.Publication Open Access A practice model for sustainable agriculture assessment: A case study of the sustainable cultivation of Thai Hom Mali (Jasmine) Rice in Thailand(2011-12) Kitipong Chaimanuskul; Luepol Punnakanta; Wimon Sonchaem; Pisit Sukreeyapongse; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource StudiesThe purpose of this study was to indicate the sustainability of Thai Hom Mali Rice (Jasmine rice) cultivation in Thailand. Which the study had statistical samples from the most intensive cultivation provinces, as Phayao (Northern region), SisaketPublication Open Access Malaria ecology along the Thailand– Myanmar border(2015) Parker, Daniel M.; Carrara, Verena I; Sasithon Pukrittayakamee; Rose McGready; Nosten, François H.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit. This article offers an ecological perspective on the malaria situation along the Thailand–Myanmar border. Discussion: This border region is long (2000 km), mountainous, and the environment ranges from thick forests to growing urban settlements and wet-rice... fields. It is also a biologically diverse region. All five species of malaria known to naturally infect humans are present. At least three mosquito vector species complexes, with widely varying behavioural characteristics, exist in the area. The regionPublication Open Access Impact of family structure, parental migration, and parental divorce on an adolescent's educational enrollment: evidence from a longitudinal study in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand(2009-07) Wanippol Mahaarcha; วนิพพล มหาอาชา; Sirinan Kittisuksathit; ศิรินันท์ กิตติสุขสถิต; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchFamily structure, migration, and divorce are the crucial determinants that shape a family member’s well-being. Previous studies have shown that adolescent residing in extended families, with parental migration, and without parental divorce tend to have better outcomes. Using data from the 2001 to 2004 round of Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS), this study aims to explore the relationship between family structure, parental migration, parental divorce and adolescent’s educational enrolment. The sample of adolescents aged 13-18 in 2001 were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis proposes that adolescents residing in extended families with grandparents, residing in household without mother migration, and residing outside the parental divorce household are more likely to enroll in school in 2004. This study suggests that the training for grandparents about grandchildren’s caring, the women’s job availability, and the Life Skill Program for adolescents in divorced homes should be implemented.Publication Open Access Paper-based Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay Combining a Wet System for Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides Detection(2015-02-26) Amara Apilux; Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya; Virapong Prachayasittikul; Tanawut Tantimongcolwat; Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied TechnologyA dramatic increase in pesticide usage in agriculture highlights the need for on-site monitoring for public health and safety. Here, a paper-based sensor combined with a wet system was developed for the simple and rapid screening of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The paper-based sensor was designed as a foldable device consisting of a cover and detection sheets pre-prepared with indoxyl acetate and AChE, respectively. The paper-based sensor requires only the incubation of a sample on the test zone for 10 minutes, followed by closing of the foldable sheet to initiate the enzymatic reaction. Importantly, the buffer loading hole was additionally designed on the cover sheet to facilitate the interaction of the coated substrate and the immobilized enzyme. This subsequently facilitates the mixing of indoxyl acetate with AChE, resulting in the improved analytical performance of the sensor. The absence or decrease in blue color produced by the AChE hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate can be observed in the presence of OPs and CMs. Under optimized conditions and using image analysis, the limit of detection (LOD) of carbofuran, dichlorvos, carbaryl, paraoxon, and pirimicarb are 0.003, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.6 ppm, respectively. The assay could be applied to determine OP and CM residues in spiked food samples. Visual interpretation of the color signal was clearly observed at the concentration of 5 mg/kg. Furthermore, a self-contained sample pre-concentration approach greatly enhanced the detection sensitivity. The paper-based device developed here is low-cost, requires minimal reagents and is easy to handle. As such, it would be practically useful for pesticide screening by nonprofessional end-users.Publication Open Access Role of Lamjithang community forestry towards quality of life of the local people(2010-12) Bhagat Suberi; Sittipong Dilokwanich; Nathsuda Pumijumnong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource StudiesThis study was conducted to find out the role of community forest for supporting the quality of life of the local people. The objectives of this study were to investigate pattern of use of forest and non-forest products from community forest supporting quality of life of local people and to analyze roles and responsibilities of the people in managing Lamjithang community forest at Rinchengang village. Total of 86 households were registered for the management and use of forest product. All 86 households were interviewed during the data collection, thus the method used was census. Questionnaires for household interview, checklist questions for key informant interview were developed. The data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics. It was found that pattern of use of timber products such as timber and poles were mainly used for construction and maintenance purpose. Out of 86 households, 60.5% used timber for construction and 38.8% used for maintenance work. In case of poles, almost equal number of households (50%) used for constructional and maintenance works. It was also found people used timber product from the government reserved forest because there are not enough matured trees for the constructional purpose at the moment. Households used non- timber product for consumption and sale if excess after domestic use. For non-timber product 79.1% of households collect firewood, 20.9% collect fern for domestic purpose and 2.3% sale, 41.2% use asparagus for domestic purpose and 3.5% sale and 74.4% use for domestic purpose and 8.1% sale and 30.2% collect bedding material for domestic purpose only. The products they sale was for the extra income for the household to support the quality of life. Besides income from non-timber forest product, people also generate income from agricultural activities and livestock rearing.