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Publication Open Access Survey on Medicinal Plants in Ubon Ratchathani Province (Thailand)(2004-06) Wongsatit Chuakul; Ampol Boonpleng; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmaceutical BotanyA survey on the utilization of medicinal plants at Ubon Ratchathani Province was carried out by interviewing herbalists, followed by collecting plant specimens and identifying the specimens. In addition, the plant specimens were compared with the authentic specimens at two herbaria: the Bangkok Herbarium (BK), Botany Section, Botany and Weed Science Division, Department of Agriculture and the Royal Forest Herbarium (BKF), National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Ministry of National Resources and Environment. Ninetysix species of medicinal plants belonging to 42 families were recorded as medicinal plants and they belong to 74 dicots, 24 monocots and 1 species fern. Thirty species were newly recorded as medicinal plants and these medicinal plants were used in 15 combinations of other medicinal plants whereas the other 17 species were used as single remedies.Publication Open Access Medicinal plants used in the Kutchum District, Yasothon Province, Thailand(2002-06) Wongsatit Chuakul; Promjit Saralamp; Ampol Boonpleng; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmaceutical BotanyA survey on medicinal plants in Kutchum District, Yasothon Province, Thailand was carried out by interviewing, collecting and identifying the plant specimens, and also comparing the plant specimens with the authentic specimens at two herbaria, i.e. Sirindhon Herbarium (Bangkok Herbarium, BK), Botany Section, Botany and Weed Science Division, Department of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and the Royal Forest Herbarium (BKF), National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department. One hundred and eighty-eight medicinal plants which were commonly used were reported.Publication Open Access Vision based leadership: the answer to the fast changing retail industry in Thailand(2008) Sooksan Kantabutra; Mahidol University. College of ManagementLeaders are widely exhorted to espouse vision, but very little is known about how effective visions are characterized and realized. Extending previous research, the present study tests a proposed vision theory in Thai apparel retailers, takingPublication Open Access The development of community care model of sub-district health promoting hospitals for older persons(2014) Somjin Peachpansri; Somchai Viripiromgool; Vilaivan Thongcharoen; Chantana Ronnarithivichai; Theepapha Jamkrajang; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentThai government is improving public health service systems for better quality and efficiency by upgrading health centers to sub-district health promoting hospitals (SHPH). Healthcare service for older persons must be holistic service combiningPublication Open Access การสำรวจสมุนไพรพื้นบ้านอำเภอเลิงนกทา จังหวัดยโสธร(2002-12) วงศ์สถิตย์ ฉั่วกุล; พร้อมจิต ศรลัมพ์; อำพล บุญเปล่ง; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacyในการสำรวจสมุนไพรพื้นบ้าน อำเภอเลิงนกทา จังหวัดยโสธร โดยการสัมภาษณ์หมอพื้นบ้านเกี่ยวกับ สมุนไพรที่ใช้ ชื่อพื้นเมือง ส่วนที่ใช้ ประโยชน์และวิธีใช้ พร้อมทั้งเก็บตัวอย่างสมุนไพรจัดทำเป็นตัวอย่างพืชแห้ง ตรวจเอกลักษณ์พืชด้วยรูปวิธานและเปรียบเทียบตัวอย่างพืชที่พิพิธภัณฑ์พืชสิรินธร กรมวิชาการเกษตร และหอพรรณไม้ กรมป่าไม้ กระทรวงเกษตรและสหกรณ์ รวบรวมพรรณไม้ได้ทั้งหมด 145 ชนิด จำแนกเป็นพืช ใบเลี้ยงคู่ 135 ชนิด พืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยว 7 ชนิด พืชเมล็ดเปลือย 2 ชนิดและเฟิร์น 1 ชนิด วงศ์ที่มีสมุนไพรมากที่สุดคือ Rubiaceae 14 ชนิด รองลงมาคือ Leguminosae 13 ชนิด สกุลที่มีพืชสมุนไพรมากที่สุด 2 สกุล สกุลละ 3 ชนิด คือ Ficus และ Phyllodium สกุลละ 2 ชนิด 16 สกุล ได้แก่ Ardisia, Bauhinia, Clausena, Connarus, Cratoxylum, Croton, Diospyros, Gnetum, Helicteres, Ixora, Justicia, Prismatomeris, Salacia, Sterculia และ Uvaria พบพืชที่ยังไม่มีการบันทึกว่าเป็นสมุนไพรจำนวน 7 ชนิด คือ Casearia flexuosus, Combretum pilosum, Erycibe cochinchinensis, Sphaeranthus indicus, Styrax benzoiden, Syzygium toddalioides และ Vatica odorata และสมุนไพรที่ใช้ในรูปยาตำรับ 105 ชนิด รวมเป็น 35 ตำรับ และใช้เป็นยาเดี่ยว 40 ชนิด หากมีการศึกษาต่อไป จะเป็นประโยชน์ในการวิเคราะห์หาสมุนไพรที่นำมาใช้ได้ต่อไปPublication Open Access Artemisinin resistance containment project in Thailand. II: Responses to mefloquine-artesunate combination therapy among falciparum malaria patients in provinces bordering Cambodia(2012-08-28) Wichai Satimai; Prayuth Sudathip; Saowanit Vijaykadga; Amnat Khamsiriwatchara; อำนาจ คำศิริวัชรา; Surasak Sawang; Thanapon Potithavoranan; Aumnuyphan Sangvichean; Delacollette, Charles; Pratap Singhasivanon; ประตาป สิงหศิวานนท์; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาล; Saranath Lawpoolsri; สารนาถ ล้อพูลศรี; Saranath Lawpoolsri; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS)BACKGROUND: The area along the Thai-Cambodian border is considered an epicenter of anti-malarial drug resistance. Recently, parasite resistance to artemisinin-based therapies has been reported in the area. The artemisinin resistance containment... the malaria surveillance programmed under the containment project. METHODS: The study was conducted in seven provinces of Thailand along the Thai-Cambodian border. Data of Plasmodium falciparum-positive patients during January 2009 to December 2011 werePublication Open Access A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of delayed primary wound closure in contaminated abdominal wounds(2014) Boonying Siribumrungwong; Pinit Noorit; Chumpon Wilasrusmee; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Section for Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare surgical site infection (SSI) between delayed primary (DPC) and primary wound closure (PC) in complicated appendicitis and other contaminated abdominal wounds. Medline and Scopus were searched from their beginning to November 2013 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SSI and length of stay between DPC and PC. Studies’ selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were done by two independent authors. The risk ratio and unstandardised mean difference were pooled for SSI and length of stay, respectively. Among 8 eligible studies, 5 studies were done in complicated appendicitis, 2 with mixed complicated appendicitis and other types of abdominal operation and 1 with ileostomy closure. Most studies (75%) had high risk of bias in sequence generation and allocation concealment. Among 6 RCTs of complicated appendicitis underwent open appendectomy, the SSI between PC and DPC were not significantly different with a risk ratio of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.73). DPC had a significantly 1.6 days (95% CI: 1.41, 1.79) longer length of stay than PC. Our evidence suggested there might be no advantage of DPC over PC in reducing SSI in complicated appendicitis. However, this was based on a small number of studies with low quality. A large scale RCT is further required.Publication Open Access Improved R2* liver iron concentration assessment using a novel fuzzy c-mean clustering scheme(2015) Pairash Saiviroonporn; Vip Viprakasit; Rungroj Krittayaphong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Division of Diagnostic RadiologyBackground: In thalassemia patients, R2* liver iron concentration (LIC) measurement is a common clinical tool for assessing iron overload and for determining necessary chelator dose and evaluating its efficacy. Despite the importance of accurate LIC measurement, existing methods suffer from LIC variability, especially at the severe iron overload range due to inclusion of vessel parts in LIC calculation. In this study, we build upon previous Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) clustering work to formulate a scheme with superior performance in segmenting vessel pixels from the parenchyma. Our method (MIX-FCM) combines our novel 2D-FCM with the existing 1D-FCM algorithm. This study further assessed possible optimal clustering parameters (OP scheme) and proposed a semi-automatic (SA) scheme for routine clinical application. Methods: Segmentation of liver parenchyma and vessels was performed on T2* images and their LIC maps in 196 studies from 147 thalassemia major patients. We used manual segmentation as the reference. 1D-FCM clustering was performed on the acquired image alone and 2D-FCM used both the acquired image and its LIC data. To execute the MIX-FCM method, the best outcome (OP-MIX-FCM) was selected from the aforementioned methods and was compared to the SA-MIX-FCM scheme. We used the percent value of the normalized interquartile range (nIQR) to its median to evaluate the variability of all methods. Results: 2D-FCM clustering is more effective than 1D-FCM clustering at the severe overload range only, but inferior for other ranges (where 1D-FCM provides suitable results). This complementary performance between the two methods allows MIX-FCM to improve results for all ranges. OP-MIX-FCM clustering error was 2.1 ± 2.3 %, compared with 10.3 ± 9.9 % and 7.0 ± 11.9 % from 1D- and 2D-FCM clustering, respectively. SA-MIX-FCM result was comparable to OP-MIX-FCM result, with both schemes showing ability to decrease overall nIQR by approximately 30 %. Conclusion: Our proposed 2D-FCM algorithm is not as superior to 1D-FCM as hypothesized. In contrast, our MIX-FCM method benefits from the best of both methods to obtain the highest segmentation accuracy at all ranges. Moreover, segmentation accuracy of the practical scheme (SA-MIX-FCM) is comparable to segmentation accuracy of the reference scheme (OP-MIX-FCM). Finally, we confirmed that segmentation is crucial to improving LIC assessments, especially at the severe iron overload range.Publication Open Access Establishing research priorities for malaria elimination in the context of the emergency response to artemisinin resistance framework‑the Cambodian approach(2016) Canavatม Sara E.; Lawfordม Harriet L. S.; Fatunmbi, Bayo S.; Dysoley Lek; Narann Top‑Samphor; Rithea Leang; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Rekol Huy; Kazadi, Walter M.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Clinical Tropical MedicineBackground: Countries of the greater Mekong subregion have made a transition from malaria control to an aim for falciparum and vivax malaria elimination. The elimination of falciparum malaria will have to be achieved against a background of increasing artemisinin and multi-drug resistance. This ambitious goal requires an operational research (OR) agenda that addresses the dynamic challenges encountered on the path to elimination, which will need to be flexible and developed in close relation with the cambodian national programme for parasitology, entomology and malaria control (CNM). In Cambodia, a number of meetings with stakeholders were convened by the CNM and emergency response to artemisinin resistance (ERAR) hub, producing an initial list of priority OR topics. The process and outcome of these meetings are described, which could serve as a template for other countries in the region. Methods: A landscaping exercise was conducted to gather all past, on-going and planned malaria focussed OR activities conducted by the cambodian research consortium in Cambodia and categorized according to research theme. The six themes included (1) malaria epidemiology, surveillance and response, (2) malaria case management, (3) malaria vector control, (4) malaria behavioural issues, (5) malaria clinical studies, and (6) other vector-borne diseases (dengue, neglected tropical diseases, soil-transmitted helminths). The different themes were discussed in small focus groups, which made an initial prioritization list which was then presented to a plenary group for further discussion. This produced a list of research questions ranked according to priority. Results: OR priorities produced by the thematic groups were discussed in the plenary meeting and given a priority score by group voting. A list of 17 OR questions were developed, finalized and listed, which included questions on surveillance, active case detection and treatment efficacy. Conclusion: This paper describes ERAR’s work on supporting Cambodia’s transition to malaria elimination by identifying national operational research priorities. ERAR has initiated and currently plays a critical role in the development of country specific research agendas for malaria elimination. The first example of this has been the described exercise in Cambodia, which could serve a template for setting OR priorities in the wider region.