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Item Metadata only Simulation-based assembly line balancing in U-shaped, parallel U-shaped, and parallel adjacent U-shaped layouts(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Pheaktra, Doung, 1989-; Ronnachai Sirovetnukul; Waressara Weerawat; Duangpun SingkarinThis study focuses on layout designs and optimization of assembly line balancing using simulation. Three layouts namely U-shaped lines, parallel U-shaped lines (PUL), and parallel adjacent U-shaped lines (PAUL) are studied and observed by comparing... the performances of the layouts in terms of the total number of workstations, line efficiency, and workload smoothness. Besides, selected KPIs are collected to investigate the effects and tradeoffs among the layouts. To achieve the objectives of the studyPublication Metadata only Simulation-based assembly line balancing in u-shaped, parallel u-shaped, and parallel adjacent u-shaped layouts(2020-12-14) P. Doung; R. Sirovetnukul; J. Ren; Liverpool John Moores University; Mahidol University© 2020 IEEE. This research focuses on simulation-based assembly line balancing by investigating three configurations in U-shaped assembly lines. The names of the three layouts are U-shaped lines, parallel U-shaped lines (PUL), and parallel adjacent... U-shaped lines (PAUL). Since PUL and PAUL were proposed with limited implementations, this study adopts secondary data from a real case industry and models the selected layouts using ARENA simulation. Simulation results are utilized to comparePublication Open Access Transcriptome sequencing of Hevea brasiliensis for development of microsatellite markers and construction of a genetic linkage map(2011) Kanokporn Triwitayakorn; Pornsupa Chatkulkawin; Supanath Kanjanawattanawong; Supajit Sraphet; Thippawan Yoocha; Duangjai Sangsrakru; Juntima Chanprasert; Chumpol Ngamphiw; Nukoon Jomchai; Kanikar Therawattanasuk; Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang; Mahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of BiotechnologyTo obtain more information on the Hevea brasiliensis genome, we sequenced the transcriptome from the vegetative shoot apex yielding 2 311 497 reads. Clustering and assembly of the reads produced a total of 113 313 unique sequences, comprising 28 387... linkage map of H. brasiliensis based on 81 lines of an F1 mapping population. The map consisted of 97 loci, consisting of 37 novel EST-SSRs and 60 published SSRs, distributed on 23 linkage groups and covered 842.9 cM with a mean interval of 11.9 cM and ∼4Publication Open Access Human rights and peace : Clashing cultures(2015) Matthew Mullen; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesIndividuals and institutions that embody human rights and peace face the challenging task of understanding the strain between the two fields. Scholars in both fields have offered various explanations as to the source and nature of this strain. Yet, many of these explanations seem to fall short in explaining the inability to ease convergence. Personalities, priorities, and programmatic differences all feed into the strain. Still, the incompatibilities seem to run deeper. This article searches for a schema to understand why convergence is such a challenge. Human rights and peace are so interwoven both intellectually and practically that overlap and interaction is inevitable. I argue that disconnects between human rights and peace work are not merely personal or technical; they are Human rights and peace: Clashing cultures cultural. That is, human rights and peace advance distinct ways of thinking, behaving, speaking, understanding, and treating conflicts and injustices. These cultures clash on the definitive question of how threats to humanity ought to be dealt with. Seeing human rights and peace as cultures that diverge at pivotal points helps to capture the depth of the divide between the two fields. I argue that while human rights and peace do not mesh on the themes of violence, conflict, and harmony, the most substantive incompatibility relates to the way the two fields treat negotiation and dialogue. Rather than extending this argument to a nihilistic conclusion that convergence is impossible, I consider the possibility of a shift in the way both fields approach one another. As cultures, human rights and peace provide different dispositions which, in combination, lends to significant versatility. Bi-cultural institutions and individuals benefit significantly from the ability to shift back and forth between different patterns and dispositions. In this sense, divergence is not a threat, but an attribute.Publication Open Access The ASEAN human rights architecture: its development and challenges(2013) Sriprapha Petcharamesree; Mahidol Univesity. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesPublication Open Access Comparative analysis of sugarcane bagasse metagenome reveals unique and conserved biomass-degrading enzymes among lignocellulolytic microbial communities(2015) Wuttichai Mhuantong; Varodom Charoensawan; Pattanop Kanokratana; Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang; Verawat Champreda; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of BiochemistryBackground: As one of the most abundant agricultural wastes, sugarcane bagasse is largely under-exploited, but it possesses a great potential for the biofuel, fermentation, and cellulosic biorefinery industries. It also provides a unique ecological niche, as the microbes in this lignocellulose-rich environment thrive in relatively high temperatures (50°C) with varying microenvironments of aerobic surface to anoxic interior. The microbial community in bagasse thus presents a good resource for the discovery and characterization of new biomass-degrading enzymes; however, it remains largely unexplored. Results: We have constructed a fosmid library of sugarcane bagasse and obtained the largest bagasse metagenome to date. A taxonomic classification of the bagasse metagenome reviews the predominance of Proteobacteria, which are also found in high abundance in other aerobic environments. Based on the functional characterization of biomassdegrading enzymes, we have demonstrated that the bagasse microbial community benefits from a large repertoire of lignocellulolytic enzymes, which allows them to digest different components of lignocelluoses into single molecule sugars. Comparative genomic analyses with other lignocellulolytic and non-lignocellulolytic metagenomes show that microbial communities are taxonomically separable by their aerobic “open” or anoxic “closed” environments. Importantly, a functional analysis of lignocellulose-active genes (based on the CAZy classifications) reveals core enzymes highly conserved within the lignocellulolytic group, regardless of their taxonomic compositions. Cellulases, in particular, are markedly more pronounced compared to the non-lignocellulolytic group. In addition to the core enzymes, the bagasse fosmid library also contains some uniquely enriched glycoside hydrolases, as well as a large repertoire of the newly defined auxiliary activity proteins. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a conservation and diversification of carbohydrate-active genes among diverse microbial species in different biomass-degrading niches, and signifies the importance of taking a global approach to functionally investigate a microbial community as a whole, as compared to focusing on individual organisms.Publication Open Access Marginalised Groups and Access to Education: A Case Study of Street Children in Mandalay, Myanmar(2021) Dawt Nei Iang; Suphatmet Yunyasit; Bencharat Sae Chua; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesStreet children in Myanmar have been a long-term concern and a complicated issue, especially in cities like Yangon and Mandalay. Some street children, who live on their own, survive on the streets without adequate shelter, supportive guardians or parental figures. Others work to support their family. They do not have access to health care, food, education or adequate assistance. Trafficking, exploitation and drug addiction are some of the serious risks street children face. Most street children are out not in school and some have never been to school. This article builds on a case study of street children in Mandalay, including interviews with children, parents, social workers, teachers and government officials. The article examines the difficulties faced by street children to access education and analyses the main issues at stake in relation to the international and domestic human rights framework on right to education and the specific situation of street children. Based on this combination of legal sources, literature, observations and interviews, the article makes several recommendations to ensure the protection of the right to education of street children in Myanmar. They all point in the direction of securing funds to support a flexible and multi-partnered approach to ensure street children’s right to access school and their right to education.Item Open Access Annual Report 2013 กองบริหารงานวิจัย มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล(2014) มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สำนักงานอธิการบดี. กองบริหารงานวิจัยPublication Open Access Biochemical and functional characterization of Plasmodium falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase I(2014) Krittikorn Kümpornsin; Namfon Kotanan; Pornpimol Chobson; Theerarat Kochakarn; Piyaporn Jirawatcharadech; Peera Jaru-ampornpan; Yongyuth Yuthavong; Thanat Chookajorn; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of BiochemistryBackground: Antifolates are currently in clinical use for malaria preventive therapy and treatment. The drugs kill the parasites by targeting the enzymes in the de novo folate pathway. The use of antifolates has now been limited by the spread of drug-resistant mutations. GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) is the first and the rate-limiting enzyme in the folate pathway. The amplification of the gch1 gene found in certain Plasmodium falciparum isolates can cause antifolate resistance and influence the course of antifolate resistance evolution. These findings showed the importance of P. falciparum GCH1 in drug resistance intervention. However, little is known about P. falciparum GCH1 in terms of kinetic parameters and functional assays, precluding the opportunity to obtain the key information on its catalytic reaction and to eventually develop this enzyme as a drug target. Methods: Plasmodium falciparum GCH1 was cloned and expressed in bacteria. Enzymatic activity was determined by the measurement of fluorescent converted neopterin with assay validation by using mutant and GTP analogue. The genetic complementation study was performed in ΔfolE bacteria to functionally identify the residues and domains of P. falciparum GCH1 required for its enzymatic activity. Plasmodial GCH1 sequences were aligned and structurally modeled to reveal conserved catalytic residues. Results: Kinetic parameters and optimal conditions for enzymatic reactions were determined by the fluorescence-based assay. The inhibitor test against P. falciparum GCH1 is now possible as indicated by the inhibitory effect by 8-oxo-GTP. Genetic complementation was proven to be a convenient method to study the function of P. falciparum GCH1. A series of domain truncations revealed that the conserved core domain of GCH1 is responsible for its enzymatic activity. Homology modelling fits P. falciparum GCH1 into the classic Tunnelling-fold structure with well-conserved catalytic residues at the active site. Conclusions: Functional assays for P. falciparum GCH1 based on enzymatic activity and genetic complementation were successfully developed. The assays in combination with a homology model characterized the enzymatic activity of P. falciparum GCH1 and the importance of its key amino acid residues. The potential to use the assay for inhibitor screening was validated by 8-oxo-GTP, a known GTP analogue inhibitor.Publication Open Access Sequence and apoptotic activity of VacA cytotoxin cloned from a Helicobacter pylori Thai clinical isolate(2014) Muhammad Junaid; Al-Gubare, Sarbast; Muhammad Yousef; Mathukorn Na Ubol; Somphob Leetachewa; Chatchai Muanprasat; Chanan Angsuthanasombat; Wanpen Chaicumpa; Niaz Ali; Gerd Katzenmeier; Mahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of Physiology; Mahidol University. Siriraj Hospital. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Parasitology. The percent sequence similarity to the model strain 60190 was lower due to the presence of extra amino acids in the mid (m) region. The purified VacA toxin exhibited significant apoptotic activity on both T84 and MDCK epithelial cell lines, as revealed by DAPI